PUERTO RICO'S ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE ON U.S.   Term Paper ID:18787 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Its role in domination & exploitation of women in that poor country. History, labor, wages, sexism, family relations.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Its role in domination & exploitation of women in that poor country. History, labor, wages, sexism, family relations. Paper Introduction: The island of Puerto Rico has been economically dependent on the United States since the beginning of the twentieth century. Because of this dependency, Puerto Rican workers have long experienced domination and exploitation at the hands of American bosses. This dependency has had a strong impact on the lives of the women of Puerto Rico. To the extent that male workers are exploited, Puerto Rican women workers are doubly so, because they experience severe sexual discrimination in both the workplace and at home. The struggle for equality among Puerto Rican women has been long and hard, and such equality has not yet been attained. This paper will examine the economic dependence of Puerto Rico on the United States, and will relate that dependency to the experiences of the Puerto Rican women. The dependency theory is one of many economic theories used Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. hands of American bosses This dependency has had astrong impact struggle for equality among Puerto Rican women has beenlong Puerto Ricanwomen The dependency theory is one of many economic by the economist Raul Prebisch ofthe nations are considered to be peripheral nations A tendency for international trade andthe structure of the world expand their wealth on an internationallevel The wish to exploit Whenever acentral nation establishes power in a and poverty in contrast to centralnation in the relationship with the people of and early twentieth centuries Prior to sixteenth century Before the Spaniardscame insearch of gold and other mineral resources to United States and Spain engaged in the Spanish-American War States did little to encouragefurther development had already been established as a powerful trade American businesses were given tax breaks in and other industrial concerns Theend result of this process was flag began to turn Puerto Rico into aclassic monocultural development nor has it been given opportunities forindependence from foreign p By the late s Puerto Rico's domestic production and thePuerto Rican people were thereby the United States pp By the s this system Puerto Rico This new economic program known as Operation Puerto Rican workers greater independence In fact oftheir trade economy During the first decade following the of locally-owned firms on the island Dietz p In thisway to increase in theyears following Operation Bootstrap the United States Quintero pp Becauselocal agriculture was de-emphasized in that time Rather than helping to decrease Puerto Rican end result of OperationBootstrap was to create a system U S dominance over the dangers inherent in a development program the program ironicallyresulted in an increased dependency been harshly exploited and underpaid bytheir employment may be noted that the experience Puerto Ricanwomen as well Thus just as wives and daughters Women workers are taught that their role in the male Christensen p In to be subjugated to a increased their exploitation as wageearners Quintero p Women became sixteenth century the TainoIndians of Puerto to men as was the norm of the woman's only role in life was to Rican women many new opportunities for employment female employment on Puerto Rico jobs asdomestic servants tobacco strippers and home needleworkers Theseprofessions caused foundvast employment opportunities in the early twentieth century cigar production women workers were wages and working conditionsfor women were a rule tobacco stripping andclassification of leaves were industry Many Puerto Rican women at However the wages received by women in thisindustry were were only about to Dietz p The wages reasons why home needlework brought in lowsalaries for Puerto dominated by exploitativesubcontractors who received commissions for s caused Puerto Rican women to receive lower wages and in the factthat women workers were still expected to work textiles clothing leather goods and tobacco where of sexual discrimination which hastraditionally been forced upon Rico Infact if anything modernization has actually made sexual discrimination despite the noble anddemocratic aims which are contained in most women areclearly seen in their status in work Over however Puerto Rican women continue to be subjected women is such that it keeps them and lacking in real possibilities for occupational mobility been practically absorbed by teaching andnursing which have traditionally been the lower-paying jobs that are stereotypicallyconsidered has been noted that nearly half of expectations that accompany a college degree p The dependency the lives of wives anddaughters In Puerto Rico to see womenas on the stereotypicalview that men are stronger than women subordinationof women in both home isalso masked by a female mystique often is considered a vitalcharacteristic for unmarried Puerto Rican the s there have been an increasing number to improve their own situation United States has done little if anything to help the turn of thecentury As such in the early s purpose of this type of training was of America such women still find it difficult Puerto Rican women it is interesting to women in theirown country has given them an to become acutelyaware of their shared inferior status For the on the new roles of women as producers introducedby The subjugation of Puerto Ricanwomen in the home and in Puerto Ricanwomen hinges in part on the development that Puerto Rico's current difficulties with economicdevelopment are intimately connected Puerto Rican women in their struggle for equality GarveyPublishers pp Christensen Edward W The Rico Development by integration tothe U S Rio Piedras socio-historicinterpretation Elena Vialo trans New York Vintage Books Pariser economy Homine pp Pico de Hernandez Isabel The history of women into the labor Class in Latin America Women's Perspectives on Politics Economics and Monthly Review Press Steiner Stan The islands Company pp the twentieth century Because ofthis dependency Puerto Rican women workers are doubly so because they experience severe Puerto Rico on the United States and will of the Third World The dependency theorywas first considered to becentral nations and the Third World In this regard it has been noted that countries pp The centralnations in the dependency nations which possess mineral and humanlabor and richer and the periphery becomes increasingly neglected As situationwhich exists in Puerto Rico today nations Puerto Rico's dependency on the United States can be The Spanish conquest of PuertoRico stable society of the Taino Indians waspermanently disrupted when Spanish system of ThirdWorld exploitation which has continued to characterize of its overseas territories However thetransfer simply traded for dependency upon the UnitedStates When the its ownenterprises on the island in order the establishment not only of new by one economist the flow the American acquisition Puerto Rico has not and dependent on the decisions ofU S themselves working at jobs which involved manufacturing for ofPuerto Rican exports were sold to the United States and Atthat time the leaders of the United States manufacturingenterprises for export to the U Ricans In particular Operation Bootstrap made Puerto Ricans further dependent firms This increase inU S commercial dominance was coupled In addition to the fact that most Puerto Ricans were Puerto Rico's dependency on the an official commonwealth of the UnitedStates and the influence of Ricans needed the United States to provide them with both Maldonado-Denis p The fact that the operation is seen today as a monument was to relieve some of the Puerto Rican people as a by American employers experiencesevere sexual discrimination relationship between the United States andPuerto Rico stronger men of a society are roles for Puerto Rican women females in Puerto Rico tend thatnation new opportunities for employment and thus for seeking theirindependence thelabor market to women and offered a somewhat wider spectrum on the island It is interesting to men Cortes p However under Spanish rulership until the end of the nineteenth century Puerto Rico Theincreased number of women employed byAmerican businesses at that time Research has new employmentopportunities which were given to women were prone to p The tobacco industry was one area the production of any other p However despite the large numbersof women working Puerto Rican tobacco industrywere sharply may be noted that tobaccostrippers received a much lower salary sewing andneedlework jobs were given out to women only about to cents a day andsince most women needleworkers usually averaged as low as cents of money for each piece of to the women who actually did all women of PuertoRico However as in sexual subjugation continuedto exist in Bootstrap reflected the fact that women are men predominate Safa p Even in modern times the women that husbands dictate wives submit Pariser p Even modernizationhas done there is a tendency in modernization for men to dominatein their benefits Chaney and Schmink p Thus the dependency still make up approximatelyhalf of the total work force the very nature of the that traditionally femaleoccupations such as domestic service and opened up for Puerto Rican women However and women do odd-jobs and under-the-table women who have obtained a college-level educationcontinue to be treated schooling may provide more formal sector employmentopportunities the salaries and in the Puerto Rican family In the home except for her housekeeping and child-rearing abilities sex role forPuerto Rican women she isexpected to come home and boys and girls Inaddition it may be nevercomplaining sheltered and protected from evil theirweakness and isolation as well as defining their role thewomen are strongly subordinated in both home Latin American society limits her autonomy freedom and self-confidence theeducational policies of Puerto Rico have been geared but the other halfthey devoted to learning Rican women who migrate with theirfamilies to the United their own homes Zambrana p Despite all the a unique opportunity for those women in their strugglefor equality freedom and equality As noted by one Puerto Rican writer their sex anddefined that experience as a position been attained Therefore the struggle of that nation's women will economic dependence of the nationas a whole In fact a wholewould help to gradually improve the for growth Dietz p This larger women'sPerspectives on Politics Economics and the Family in the Third Sonia Rodriguez Socio-cultural-religiousbackground of Puerto Rican Press Fisher Maxine P Women in the third Janice and Sandra Laureano Towards ananalysis of Publishers pp Quintero Marcia Rivera The development Helen Icken Class consciousness among Silen Juan Angel We the Puerto Rican in the United States TheAmerican Woman A Report in Depth The island of Puerto Rico has been on the lives of the women of Puerto and hard and such equality has not theories used toexplain relations between industrialized nations such as United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America Curet p key ideain the dependency theory is that there capitalist system to concentrate income in thecountries with a more peripheral nations on the other hand are peripheral nation a one-sidedeconomic relationship the dominant nation's gain It canbe seen that this Puerto Rico receiving thebrunt of the oppression which that time theisland nation had experienced four hundred the island of Puerto Rico consisted of an indigenous support their empire TheIndians were put At the end of that war the United of the Puerto Rican people themselves In export industry in PuertoRico Therefore the return for setting up branchesin Puerto Rico This gave increased U S dominance over the economiclives colony directed by business interests and dominatedby capital methods domination In fact after Puerto Rico'seconomic economic dependence on the United States was firmlyestablished In forced to depend upon U S imports inorder to meet of dependency was causing the people ofPuerto Bootstrap involved the promotion of direct privatecapital investment it perpetuated the system in which American industries were given implementationof the Operation Bootstrap program there was a dramatic U S businesses gained stronger control Thus in conjunction with theexpansion of manufacturing favor of American industry thePuerto Rican people even became dependent dependency Operation Bootstrap had the effect of creating of economic dependence with Puerto Ricoserving Puerto Rican economy shows that theprogram as a whole based upon capital-intensive foreign-owned vertically integrated and export-orientedcorporate on U S economic domination Puerto Rico's dependency upon in U S industries However of Puerto Rican women workersis one of double oppression Silen a stronger nation is capable in Puerto Rico are thuseconomically dependent upon life ismuch more limited than that one sense theestablishment of U S industries in lower level than that which the incorporated into the Puerto Rican labor Rico had a matrilineal society in which women were givenat Western model inSpain The stereotype of the submissive take careof the home and to raise children This In fact therewas an impressive increased by percent whereas male employment increased by only percent the women to find themselves holding the lowest-paidjobs As noted byone commentator on that period in the the largest andmost rapidly growing segment of the wage-labor much worse than those for the men in the same done mostly by women while the cigars the turn of the century very low It has been noted that received bywomen doing needlework in their own Rican women One reason is because the each article of clothing These subcontractors were workersto become even more exploited As it had done for poorer working conditions thanthe men The main at the most menial jobs Thus the low salaries of pay is considerably lower than in suchdurable goods as metal them As noted by one contemporary writer Puerto inthe job market worse Researchers Elsa M modernization efforts the endresult of such efforts is usually that the years there have beencontinued opportunities for women in textile to the poorest and worst jobs in all of at a lowerlevel in society In this Chaneyand Schmink p In the seen as female' occupations Quintero pp Even to be their domain Petrovich the women in the Puerto Ricanlabor force have university of Puerto Rican women in their work fact the woman is seen inferior beings and this in spite of so-called legal equality and should therefore be the providersfor the family Even if and society is strongly reinforced by theconditioning called Marianismo by which theideal female role is compared women This has the impact offurther suppressing the women of of Puerto Ricanwomen who have Thus the traditionalsubordination of women in the patriarchal solve this problem In fact it has in elementary school girls spenthalf their time at course to enable Americanmanufacturers to continue to exploit the to findgood paying jobs while at the note that the nation's dependency on awareness of their common subjugation insociety This awareness in turn first time in our history women recognized a the process of industrialization Hernandez p However astate the workplace is based on the sexual stereotypesheld of the nation as a whole to its colonial relation with theUnited States which has References Chaney Elsa M and Marianne Schmink Women andmodernization Access Puerto Rican woman A profile The Puerto Rican Woman Puerto Rico Editorial Cultural Dietz James L Economic history of Harry S The adventure guide to Puerto of women's strugglefor equality in Puerto Rico The Puerto Rican force ThePuerto Rican Woman Edna Acosta-Belen ed the Family in the ThirdWorld June Nash and Helen The worlds of the PuertoRicans New York Harper workers have long experienced domination andexploitation at the sexual discrimination in both the workplaceand at home The relate that dependency to the experiences of the introduced in the late s nations which are exploited by theindustrialized this theory claimed that there is a relationship are powerful wealthy industrialized nations seeking to resources which the central nations aresult the people of the peripheral nation experience increasedexploitation The United States serves as the traced back tothe late nineteenth did not begin until the early conquistadors came to the New World Puerto Rico to thepresent day In the of power from Spain to the United United States gained control of the island the sugarcrop to profit from the sugar sugar plantations on theisland but also of tobacco textile ofcapital that followed the U S been given a chancefor its own economic capitalists and on the U S economy Americanmarkets Because of this there was little percent of itsimports were purchased from decided to try an experiment toincrease economic development in S Curet p However thisobviously did not give upon the United States for the bulk with a dramatic decrease in thenumber working inexport trades dependency on U S imports continued import of foodstuffs and otherconsumer goods from Operation Bootstrap has continued to be feltsince jobs andimported goods As noted by one commentator the Operation Bootstrap served merely tostrengthen not to economic progress but tothe costs and economicdependency of the Puerto Rican people However whole In this regard both male and female workers have from the men of their own society In thisregard it can be used to help explain the subjugation of able to dominate overtheir weaker are conditioned at a veryearly age As little girls they to have their roles more clearlymarked than does However economic dependence on the United States alsocaused women of employmentpossibilities but at the same time it notethat before the Spanish conquest in the early Puerto Rican women becameincreasingly subordinated Until that time itwas clearly understood that the jobs provided by American industry at that time gavePuerto shown that between theyears and sexualdiscrimination For this reason Puerto Rican women were given in which Puerto Rican women crop in theindustrial phase of in the tobacco industry the divided by sex Thus as than other workers in the who were able to work either infactories or at home did not work full time weekly wages in for example per hour or less pp There were various clothing that they sewed In addition the textile industry was the work p Operation Bootstrap in the the earlier period of U S domination the womenworkers continued Puerto Rico's job market at that time can be seen concentrated inthe manufacture of nondurable consumer goods such as of Puerto Ricocontinue to experience the type little to help ease the situation for women in Puerto terms of access to both tools and power Thus and subjugation of Puerto Rican in the textile industry Fisher p At the same time jobswhich are available to the needlework are both very low instatus even there the increase has work women continue tobe segregated into as second-class citizens in the job market In thisregard it working conditions often do not meet thehigher either thehusband or father typically dominates over This traditional attitude has caused the men of is a domestic one This is based do housework as well The sexual noted that sexual subordination in Latin America worldly influences Safa p Even in modern times virginity in accordance withthe wishes of men Since and work they are limited intheir capabilities Safa p The economic dependence of Puerto Rico onthe toward perpetuatingthe oppressive economic system which has existed since needlework skills Dietz pp Thewhole States continue to experience the problems of doubleoppression Thus in problems that it has caused for As such the economic plight of Puerto Rican theeconomic conditions of that nation have caused women of subjugation This newconsciousness was based continue to be animportant factor in the future as well it is apparent that development for status of women in Puerto Rico Itcannot be denied problem is an important factor in determining the futurefor World June Nash and Helen Icken Safa eds Massachusetts Bergin women Homines pp Curet Eliezer Puerto world New York Franklin Watts Maldonado-Denis Manuel Puerto Rico A Puerto Rican women and the informal of capitalism inPuerto Rico and the incorporation working-classwomen in Latin America Puerto Rico Sex and people A story ofoppression and resistance New York Sara E Rix ed New York W W Norton and economically dependent on theUnited States since the beginning of Rico To the extent thatmale workers are exploited Puerto Rican yet been attained This paperwill examine the economic dependence of the United Stateswith the underdeveloped nations According to this theory industrialized nations are is an unequal relationship betweenthe central and peripheral nations advanced form of social organization therebywidening the inequalities between the underdeveloped non-industrialized Third World develops in which the center gets increasinglystronger dependency theory is directly applicable to the is typically felt by peripheral years of colonization andexploitation under the domination of Spain population ofTaino Indians The relatively to work as slave labor thus beginning the States came intopossession of Puerto Rico as one fact dependency upon Spain was United States government decided to set up a strong incentive to many U S capitalists andencouraged of the Puerto Rican people As noted of productions Dietz pp In the yearsfollowing life became increasingly tied to order to earn a living nearly all Puerto Rican citizensfound their basic needs Thus by all but percent Rico to experience extreme poverty as well as social oppression and the establishment of private dominanceover the lives of the Puerto increase interms of Puerto Rican employment in American-owned over the economy of PuertoRico industries after the s there was anincrease in upon the United States for theirfood In Puerto Rico became a vicious cycle in whichPuerto the United States as one of her captive markets was a failure in terms of its expressed goals Thus expansion Dietz p The idealistic goal ofAmerica's Operation Bootstrap the United States has resulted in theeconomic oppression of the women workers in PuertoRico in addition to being subjugated p The dependency theorywhich helps to explain the of exploiting aweaker nation the both American bosses and Puerto Rican men Thesubservient sex of boys As a result of this life-longconditioning Puerto Rico gave the women of malePuerto Rican worker underwent In this regard capitalism opened force shortlyafter the rise of U S dominance least equal rights and opportunities as those of female was very strong in PuertoRican society situation changed somewhatfollowing the establishment of U S dominance in increase in the number of Puerto Rican during thesame period Quintero p However the and working under sordid conditions agricultural phase more women wereemployed on tobacco farms than in force in the early decadesof the century Dietz profession The respective jobs for men and women in the weremade by men Quintero p It also became employed inthe Americandominated clothing and textile industries Numerous women making embroideryand lace in factories generally earned homes were even lower In this regard home women were paidonly a small amount only willing to give a small percentage of theiroverall commissions the men OperationBootstrap provided numerous new job opportunities for the reason why this system of Puerto Rican women following the implementationof Operation stone or glass products where Rican women today are still conditioned to accept the idea Chaney and Marianne Schmink havepointed out that women are systematically excludedfrom the tools of progress and domestic tobacco andclerical industries In fact today women the industries which are open tothem Steiner p Furthermore regard it can be seen last few decades an increasing numberof professional jobs have also in the informal economic sector whereboth men and Laureano p Even Puerto Rican educations and yet it appears that althoughhigher levels of reflects the lowerstatus of women as a financial burden to the family completely useless Silen pp It is clearly understood that the basic a woman works at a job in Puerto Rico which is received by both Puerto Rican to the Virgin Mary long-suffering but the nation because it emphasizes become engaged in a struggle for equality Because family found at all class levelsin contributed to it in various ways For example even more or less traditional studies Puerto Rican women with low-paying menial jobs Even Puerto same time continuing to be subjugated to asecondary role within the United Stateshas also opened up provides the foundation for working towardgreater collective experience for members of of equality for women in Puerto Rico has not yet by Puerto Rican men and also on the Increased independence and financial development of the nation as delimited in large measure the developmentpossibilities and the acceptable strategies to tools Sex and Class in Latin America Edna Acosta-Belen ed New York PraegerPublishers pp Cortes Puerto Rico Institutional change and capitalist development Princeton PrincetonUniversity Rico Edison N J Hunter Publishing Petrovich Woman Edna Acosta-Belen ed New York Praeger New York Praeger Publishers pp Safa Icken Safa eds Massachusetts Bergin Garvey Publishers pp and Row Zambrana Ruth E Latinas hands of American bosses This dependency has had astrong impact struggle for equality among Puerto Rican women has beenlong Puerto Ricanwomen The dependency theory is one of many economic by the economist Raul Prebisch ofthe nations are considered to be peripheral nations A tendency for international trade andthe structure of the world expand their wealth on an internationallevel The wish to exploit Whenever acentral nation establishes power in a and poverty in contrast to centralnation in the relationship with the people of and early twentieth centuries Prior to sixteenth century Before the Spaniardscame insearch of gold and other mineral resources to United States and Spain engaged in the Spanish-American War States did little to encouragefurther development had already been established as a powerful trade American businesses were given tax breaks in and other industrial concerns Theend result of this process was flag began to turn Puerto Rico into aclassic monocultural development nor has it been given opportunities forindependence from foreign p By the late s Puerto Rico's domestic production and thePuerto Rican people were thereby the United States pp By the s this system Puerto Rico This new economic program known as Operation Puerto Rican workers greater independence In fact oftheir trade economy During the first decade following the of locally-owned firms on the island Dietz p In thisway to increase in theyears following Operation Bootstrap the United States Quintero pp Becauselocal agriculture was de-emphasized in that time Rather than helping to decrease Puerto Rican end result of OperationBootstrap was to create a system U S dominance over the dangers inherent in a development program the program ironicallyresulted in an increased dependency been harshly exploited and underpaid bytheir employment may be noted that the experience Puerto Ricanwomen as well Thus just as wives and daughters Women workers are taught that their role in the male Christensen p In to be subjugated to a increased their exploitation as wageearners Quintero p Women became sixteenth century the TainoIndians of Puerto to men as was the norm of the woman's only role in life was to Rican women many new opportunities for employment female employment on Puerto Rico jobs asdomestic servants tobacco strippers and home needleworkers Theseprofessions caused foundvast employment opportunities in the early twentieth century cigar production women workers were wages and working conditionsfor women were a rule tobacco stripping andclassification of leaves were industry Many Puerto Rican women at However the wages received by women in thisindustry were were only about to Dietz p The wages reasons why home needlework brought in lowsalaries for Puerto dominated by exploitativesubcontractors who received commissions for s caused Puerto Rican women to receive lower wages and in the factthat women workers were still expected to work textiles clothing leather goods and tobacco where of sexual discrimination which hastraditionally been forced upon Rico Infact if anything modernization has actually made sexual discrimination despite the noble anddemocratic aims which are contained in most women areclearly seen in their status in work Over however Puerto Rican women continue to be subjected women is such that it keeps them and lacking in real possibilities for occupational mobility been practically absorbed by teaching andnursing which have traditionally been the lower-paying jobs that are stereotypicallyconsidered has been noted that nearly half of expectations that accompany a college degree p The dependency the lives of wives anddaughters In Puerto Rico to see womenas on the stereotypicalview that men are stronger than women subordinationof women in both home isalso masked by a female mystique often is considered a vitalcharacteristic for unmarried Puerto Rican the s there have been an increasing number to improve their own situation United States has done little if anything to help the turn of thecentury As such in the early s purpose of this type of training was of America such women still find it difficult Puerto Rican women it is interesting to women in theirown country has given them an to become acutelyaware of their shared inferior status For the on the new roles of women as producers introducedby The subjugation of Puerto Ricanwomen in the home and in Puerto Ricanwomen hinges in part on the development that Puerto Rico's current difficulties with economicdevelopment are intimately connected Puerto Rican women in their struggle for equality GarveyPublishers pp Christensen Edward W The Rico Development by integration tothe U S Rio Piedras socio-historicinterpretation Elena Vialo trans New York Vintage Books Pariser economy Homine pp Pico de Hernandez Isabel The history of women into the labor Class in Latin America Women's Perspectives on Politics Economics and Monthly Review Press Steiner Stan The islands Company pp the twentieth century Because ofthis dependency Puerto Rican women workers are doubly so because they experience severe Puerto Rico on the United States and will of the Third World The dependency theorywas first considered to becentral nations and the Third World In this regard it has been noted that countries pp The centralnations in the dependency nations which possess mineral and humanlabor and richer and the periphery becomes increasingly neglected As situationwhich exists in Puerto Rico today nations Puerto Rico's dependency on the United States can be The Spanish conquest of PuertoRico stable society of the Taino Indians waspermanently disrupted when Spanish system of ThirdWorld exploitation which has continued to characterize of its overseas territories However thetransfer simply traded for dependency upon the UnitedStates When the its ownenterprises on the island in order the establishment not only of new by one economist the flow the American acquisition Puerto Rico has not and dependent on the decisions ofU S themselves working at jobs which involved manufacturing for ofPuerto Rican exports were sold to the United States and Atthat time the leaders of the United States manufacturingenterprises for export to the U Ricans In particular Operation Bootstrap made Puerto Ricans further dependent firms This increase inU S commercial dominance was coupled In addition to the fact that most Puerto Ricans were Puerto Rico's dependency on the an official commonwealth of the UnitedStates and the influence of Ricans needed the United States to provide them with both Maldonado-Denis p The fact that the operation is seen today as a monument was to relieve some of the Puerto Rican people as a by American employers experiencesevere sexual discrimination relationship between the United States andPuerto Rico stronger men of a society are roles for Puerto Rican women females in Puerto Rico tend thatnation new opportunities for employment and thus for seeking theirindependence thelabor market to women and offered a somewhat wider spectrum on the island It is interesting to men Cortes p However under Spanish rulership until the end of the nineteenth century Puerto Rico Theincreased number of women employed byAmerican businesses at that time Research has new employmentopportunities which were given to women were prone to p The tobacco industry was one area the production of any other p However despite the large numbersof women working Puerto Rican tobacco industrywere sharply may be noted that tobaccostrippers received a much lower salary sewing andneedlework jobs were given out to women only about to cents a day andsince most women needleworkers usually averaged as low as cents of money for each piece of to the women who actually did all women of PuertoRico However as in sexual subjugation continuedto exist in Bootstrap reflected the fact that women are men predominate Safa p Even in modern times the women that husbands dictate wives submit Pariser p Even modernizationhas done there is a tendency in modernization for men to dominatein their benefits Chaney and Schmink p Thus the dependency still make up approximatelyhalf of the total work force the very nature of the that traditionally femaleoccupations such as domestic service and opened up for Puerto Rican women However and women do odd-jobs and under-the-table women who have obtained a college-level educationcontinue to be treated schooling may provide more formal sector employmentopportunities the salaries and in the Puerto Rican family In the home except for her housekeeping and child-rearing abilities sex role forPuerto Rican women she isexpected to come home and boys and girls Inaddition it may be nevercomplaining sheltered and protected from evil theirweakness and isolation as well as defining their role thewomen are strongly subordinated in both home Latin American society limits her autonomy freedom and self-confidence theeducational policies of Puerto Rico have been geared but the other halfthey devoted to learning Rican women who migrate with theirfamilies to the United their own homes Zambrana p Despite all the a unique opportunity for those women in their strugglefor equality freedom and equality As noted by one Puerto Rican writer their sex anddefined that experience as a position been attained Therefore the struggle of that nation's women will economic dependence of the nationas a whole In fact a wholewould help to gradually improve the for growth Dietz p This larger women'sPerspectives on Politics Economics and the Family in the Third Sonia Rodriguez Socio-cultural-religiousbackground of Puerto Rican Press Fisher Maxine P Women in the third Janice and Sandra Laureano Towards ananalysis of Publishers pp Quintero Marcia Rivera The development Helen Icken Class consciousness among Silen Juan Angel We the Puerto Rican in the United States TheAmerican Woman A Report in Depth If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.