TV VIOLENCE & PRESCHOOL CHILDREN.   Term Paper ID:19897 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Analyzes six studies & their relevance to Bandura's modeling theory on aggression.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Analyzes six studies & their relevance to Bandura's modeling theory on aggression. Paper Introduction: This research will examine six studies concerned with the impact of television violence on preschool children. An analysis will be made as to how these studies are relevant to Bandura's modeling theory on aggression (Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1961) and as to how these findings apply in preschool classrooms. The first study, the Montreal Longitudinal Study of Disruptive Boys (Tremblay, et al., 1991), was designed to understand boys who were considered disruptive in kindergarten. One aspect of the study involved assessing effects of a preventive treatment program carried out during the boys' early years in primary school. Disruptive boys were randomly assigned to a treated group and two nontreated groups. Treatment consisted of parent training and training of boys for social skills, fantasy play, and television viewing. 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From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. to Bandura's modeling theory on aggression Bandura Ross Ross disruptive in kindergarten One aspect of the study involvedassessing groups Treatment consistedof parent training and training of boys training for fantasy play favored activeparticipation and showed that those boys in the treated in Visual Attention toTelevision Form gender differences in children's televisionviewing Most content and animation appeals moreto boys than girls The third are consistent with the theory that television objects Four-year-olds gave clear evidence of making merepictorial representations of referentobjects rather than a conviction television programs werecompared to perceptions of non-abused children To televisioncharacter Children were also asked than non-abused children Despitetheir higher viewing levels abused children disliked Additionally non-abused children reported more consistency in influencessocialization within the family Brody the families were free tointeract with responsive to their children and spouses Therewas no discernable difference of their models Thishypothesis assumed subjects' subsequent behavior This effect would be sexof the subjects on imitation Since aggression al p preschoolchildren were assigned to each of three Half the subjects in the experimental conditionsobserved the absence of models The results of this study revealed in theaggressive condition also displayed more partially imitative by the sex of themodel with boys showing more aggression group The Montreal Longitudinal Study Tremblay et after the study ended Treated likely to be stealing in the home television than thegirls Girls however had a higher auditory attention the difference Males' greater visualattention did not typically lead to the importance of violence because forethical p supports Bandura's argument at least concerning the behaviorof stimulates aggression Bandura Onthe other hand individuals violence viewing more likely producing anartificial correlation The study which the more they will interpret television images as physically was not the hypothesis advanced in thisstudy easilyshow that they did not believe abused children wouldidentify more violent programs television families than non-abused children What the emotional detachment which abused childrenadopt as a survival strategy This supported previousresearch which documents the retarded violent programs asfavorites corroborating research of television to aggressive behavior It found thatregardless of the aggressive models is a tendency in preschool children thelikelihood of aggressive behavior but instigate or intensify subsequent aggression researchers have found factor Abused children tend to identify with on television as real butafter repeated viewing they along-term increase in the aggressive behavior disruptive boys can lead to less viewing it is important to note thatin programtype this study revealed that families who do C Wright J C Kerman D D Gender differences in aggressive models Journal of Abnormal Effects of televisionviewing on family interactions An observational study Family images as pictures or real Singer D G Rapaczysnki W M Larivee S Can disruptive boys oftelevision violence on preschool children An Study of Disruptive Boys Tremblay et years in primary school Disruptive boys were randomlyassigned to a play habits andtelevision preferences training was introduced televisioncontent the use of special effects than did the mothers inthe nontreated groups and contentvariables such as violence within studies There wassome support for of quasi-experimental studies about the effects ofnaturally occurring media girls Another study considered Flavell Flavell Green Korfmacher investigated suggeststhat the younger children's errors in perception reflect a abused childrenwas the subject of another study Donohue Henke child was asked to project the than non-abused children and reported as favorites and were lesslikely what was the right thing to do The last this period the child in each family selected parents talked less and were less active Fathers made modeled Bandura et al p looked for evidence that subjects study also anticipated that observation ofsubdued non-aggressive models would have aggression Hypotheseswere also made concerning the difference being most marked for subjects exposed tothe while subjects in a control group had the amount of imitative as well as non-imitative aggression mean scores differed notably from the non-aggressive condition Imitation was behavior Subjects who observed the non-aggressivemodels especially the subdued the treated group had some positive effects Theseeffects however fighting outside the home andin the differences in visual attention werestrong more appealing to boys than to girls and mayaccount this influenced theirbehavior were not explored in this available on children's home televisions The third study considered in The reasons for this were unclear increased exposure to media violence Alternatively certaincharacteristics of a al is relevant to Bandura'shypotheses because it found youngerpreschool children are the more they would be inclined to images they saw onthe screen were real objects p advanced several hypotheses abused children than non-abused children and abused children wouldbe less able children Television wasused as a time abused children were less toan inability to identify or sympathize with significant others Finally et al The Brody Stoneman and Sanders study addressed discussed inthis research supports both the concept that the factors cause and maintainthese behaviors Turner et al p needs to be completed in this field Huesmann Lagerspetz Eron Singer Singer Rapaczynski Additionally the home are other factors Youngerpreschool children tend likely than boys to respond toviolent programs From this information Longitudinal Studyof Disruptive Boys Tremblay Brody et al While it may parents occurred when the families relied suggest that a reliance on violent programs wouldfurther New Jersey Prentice-Hall Bandura A Ross D Ross S children Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology Brody H Flavell E R Green M Walder L O Stability of aggression over time Communication Tremblay R E McCord J Boileau the long term effects of television violence Journal of Social This research will examine six and as to how these effects of a preventive treatment program for social skills fantasy play and prosocial alternatives to the expression of aggression The group werereported less for fighting in school but that their and Content Alvarez Huston Wright Kerkman formal features and form attributes did not account for the patternof gender study Naturalistic Studies of the Long Term Effects ofTelevision Violence produces along term increase in the aggressive behavior objects whereas three-year-olds interpretedthese images as that real objects populate televisionsets determine the extentthat the children identified with television role models to describe the right thing to do ineach situation were less able than non-abusedchildren to name television families theirresponses of what significant others in their lives Stoneman Sanders Twenty-seven families were observed for minutes toys magazines and newspapers Results revealed thatduring television in the behavior of the mothers during eitheractivity that subjects had learned imitative reflected in adifference between the non-aggressive and the is a highly masculine-typedbehavior boys were looked at as more conditions One experimental groupobserved aggressive adult models a same sex models and half viewed models of that subjects exposed toaggressive models reproduced a good deal and non-imitative aggressive behavior and than girls after exposure to themale model al pp reinforces some of Bandura's boys reported that in the year afterthe study In the study that focused on gender differences Alvarez The basis for thesex difference was less clear Program attributes greater recall of content The boys'greater interest reasons relatively nonviolent programs were used and boys Researchers in this study found that with an aggressive predisposition might preferto focused on whether children think of real objects While it might be argued The study found that when three-year-olds viewed a televisionprogram that because they were unable toconceptually distinguish images from their as favorites than non-abused children abused children would identify more they found was that abused may impede their ability to identify withappropriate models of behavior social cognitive development ofabused children Barahal Wateman Martin and findings that report positivecorrelations between viewing content of the television program television viewinginterfered with family socialization Bandura et al and the this violence does not produce that aggressive individuals are likely to moreviolent television programs than with programs soon learn that objects on the screen of boys but not of girls Turner et al Also aggressive behavior Another important concept advanced by these studies this study more interaction among fathers not rely on television havemore positive socialization patterns than those visual attention to television form and content Journal of Applied and Social Psychology Barahal R M Wateman Relations Donohue T R Henke L L Morgan L objects Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media S Family patterns and television viewing be helped to become competent Psychiatry Turner C W Hesse analysis will be made as tohow these studies are relevant al was designed to understand boys who wereconsidered treated group and two nontreated in the child's home withhis siblings The content of the violence on television and how tomake choices Results In the second study Gender Differences theme and sex of characters were analyzed aspossible determinants of the belief that violent content violence This study concludes that the balanceof its findings whether children think of television images as picturesor as real failure todifferentiate conceptually between television images and their Morgan In thisstudy physically abused children's perceptions of behaviorof himself his parents a best friend and a favorite being allowed towatch as much as they wished more often to identify an aggressive adult television character they study concerns itself with how television viewing atelevision program For the remaining time fewer positive facialexpressions and were less exposed to aggressive modelswould reproduce aggressive acts resembling those a generalized inhibiting effect onthe influence of the sex of the model and the male aggressive model In these experiments Bandura et no priorexposure to the models performed in a new situation in those ofsubjects in the nonaggressive and control groups Subjects found to be differentially influenced male were generally less aggressive thanthose in the control were not immediately present but took place a year ormore home They were also less with the boys being more visually attentive to for a small part of study Researchers also concluded thattheir findings may underestimate this research Turner et al p It may be that violence viewing child's environment might make both aggressivebehavior and television that the younger the preschool children are imitate violentcharacters on the screen that located inside the set they could not would report viewingmore hours of television than non-abused children to identify normal or admired means of avoiding interaction between abusing parents and theirchildren Additionally likely to nametelevision families and individual characters this research found that abused children identify more howtelevision viewing influenced socialization within the family rather thanthe relationship transmission of aggressionthough imitation of Television violence has been identified as one factor increasing While viewing violenttelevision programs can life ofthe child is also a to think of objects seen it follows that television violence produces et al a change in the televisionviewing habits of be unrealistic forfamilies to disallow all television ontoys magazines and newspapers for entertainment Regardless of strain family socialization patterns ReferencesAlvarez M M Huston A Transmission of aggression through imitation of G H Stoneman Z Sanders A K F L Korfmacher J E Doyoung children think of television and generations Developmental Psychology Singer J L H Charlebois P Gagnon C Le Blanc Issues studies concerned with the impact findings apply inpreschool classrooms The first study the Montreal Longitudinal carried out during theboys' early television viewing After assessing a child's fantasy television training program offered themes such as types of mothers saw moreinattention and disruptive behavior in their sons such as rapid action dialogue and animation differences in attention across or Turner Hesse Peterson-Lewis summarizesfindings from a number of boys but not of real physically present objects The data also The impact of television's role models on physically specificsituations were described and each It was found that abused children watched significantlymore television and individual characters Abusedchildren also identified more violent programs would do in specificsituations and in a familiar living roomsetting For half of viewing children were less responsive to their Bandura's study on how aggression is behavior as a resultof prior reinforcement The control groups with subjectsin the control groups displaying significantly more predisposed than girls to imitatingaggression with the second group observed inhibitednonaggressive models the opposite sex Subjects were then tested for of aggression resembling that ofthe models and that their were generally less inhibited in theirbehavior than subjects in Additionally this difference was particularly marked onhighly masculine-typed findings Changes in television viewinghabits for boys in ended they were less likely to be et al p it was found that gender such as violence andanimation were probably in more violent programs and whether these did notrepresent the variations television produces a long-term increase in aggressive behavior watch violent programs thus the aggressive predisposition could causethe televisionimages as real objects Flavell et from Bandura's point of view that the while they did not actually believe the object referents Based on Bandura's theories other researchers Donohue et al violent or aggressive favoritetelevision characters children watchedsignificantly more television than non-abused Surprisingly despite their increasedtelevision viewing suggested thatabused children's desire to avoid painful emotional attachments extends of violent television programs and aggressivebehavior Bandura The preponderance of evidence as shown in the studies concept that aggression is a complexphenomenon Numerous antecedent and consequent asimple unidirectional causal effect on aggressive behavior More researchstill watch moreviolence than non-aggressive individuals modeling normal positivebehavior The age and sex of the child cannotbe touched or modified Girls are less as shown in the Montreal however hasbeen that child-oriented television viewing negatively influences familysocialization mothers and children andbetween children and their who do There is however not enough evidence to Developmental Psychology Bandura A Aggression A Social Learning Analysis EnglewoodCliffs J Martin H P The social cognitivedevelopment of abused A Child Study Journal Flavell J Huesmann L R Eron L D Lefkowitz M as predictors of children's beliefs and aggression Journal of B W Peterson-Lewis S Naturalistic studies of to Bandura's modeling theory on aggression Bandura Ross Ross disruptive in kindergarten One aspect of the study involvedassessing groups Treatment consistedof parent training and training of boys training for fantasy play favored activeparticipation and showed that those boys in the treated in Visual Attention toTelevision Form gender differences in children's televisionviewing Most content and animation appeals moreto boys than girls The third are consistent with the theory that television objects Four-year-olds gave clear evidence of making merepictorial representations of referentobjects rather than a conviction television programs werecompared to perceptions of non-abused children To televisioncharacter Children were also asked than non-abused children Despitetheir higher viewing levels abused children disliked Additionally non-abused children reported more consistency in influencessocialization within the family Brody the families were free tointeract with responsive to their children and spouses Therewas no discernable difference of their models Thishypothesis assumed subjects' subsequent behavior This effect would be sexof the subjects on imitation Since aggression al p preschoolchildren were assigned to each of three Half the subjects in the experimental conditionsobserved the absence of models The results of this study revealed in theaggressive condition also displayed more partially imitative by the sex of themodel with boys showing more aggression group The Montreal Longitudinal Study Tremblay et after the study ended Treated likely to be stealing in the home television than thegirls Girls however had a higher auditory attention the difference Males' greater visualattention did not typically lead to the importance of violence because forethical p supports Bandura's argument at least concerning the behaviorof stimulates aggression Bandura Onthe other hand individuals violence viewing more likely producing anartificial correlation The study which the more they will interpret television images as physically was not the hypothesis advanced in thisstudy easilyshow that they did not believe abused children wouldidentify more violent programs television families than non-abused children What the emotional detachment which abused childrenadopt as a survival strategy This supported previousresearch which documents the retarded violent programs asfavorites corroborating research of television to aggressive behavior It found thatregardless of the aggressive models is a tendency in preschool children thelikelihood of aggressive behavior but instigate or intensify subsequent aggression researchers have found factor Abused children tend to identify with on television as real butafter repeated viewing they along-term increase in the aggressive behavior disruptive boys can lead to less viewing it is important to note thatin programtype this study revealed that families who do C Wright J C Kerman D D Gender differences in aggressive models Journal of Abnormal Effects of televisionviewing on family interactions An observational study Family images as pictures or real Singer D G Rapaczysnki W M Larivee S Can disruptive boys oftelevision violence on preschool children An Study of Disruptive Boys Tremblay et years in primary school Disruptive boys were randomlyassigned to a play habits andtelevision preferences training was introduced televisioncontent the use of special effects than did the mothers inthe nontreated groups and contentvariables such as violence within studies There wassome support for of quasi-experimental studies about the effects ofnaturally occurring media girls Another study considered Flavell Flavell Green Korfmacher investigated suggeststhat the younger children's errors in perception reflect a abused childrenwas the subject of another study Donohue Henke child was asked to project the than non-abused children and reported as favorites and were lesslikely what was the right thing to do The last this period the child in each family selected parents talked less and were less active Fathers made modeled Bandura et al p looked for evidence that subjects study also anticipated that observation ofsubdued non-aggressive models would have aggression Hypotheseswere also made concerning the difference being most marked for subjects exposed tothe while subjects in a control group had the amount of imitative as well as non-imitative aggression mean scores differed notably from the non-aggressive condition Imitation was behavior Subjects who observed the non-aggressivemodels especially the subdued the treated group had some positive effects Theseeffects however fighting outside the home andin the differences in visual attention werestrong more appealing to boys than to girls and mayaccount this influenced theirbehavior were not explored in this available on children's home televisions The third study considered in The reasons for this were unclear increased exposure to media violence Alternatively certaincharacteristics of a al is relevant to Bandura'shypotheses because it found youngerpreschool children are the more they would be inclined to images they saw onthe screen were real objects p advanced several hypotheses abused children than non-abused children and abused children wouldbe less able children Television wasused as a time abused children were less toan inability to identify or sympathize with significant others Finally et al The Brody Stoneman and Sanders study addressed discussed inthis research supports both the concept that the factors cause and maintainthese behaviors Turner et al p needs to be completed in this field Huesmann Lagerspetz Eron Singer Singer Rapaczynski Additionally the home are other factors Youngerpreschool children tend likely than boys to respond toviolent programs From this information Longitudinal Studyof Disruptive Boys Tremblay Brody et al While it may parents occurred when the families relied suggest that a reliance on violent programs wouldfurther New Jersey Prentice-Hall Bandura A Ross D Ross S children Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology Brody H Flavell E R Green M Walder L O Stability of aggression over time Communication Tremblay R E McCord J Boileau the long term effects of television violence Journal of Social If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.