THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN HONG KONG.   Term Paper ID:29239 Click to get this paper

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Paper Abstract: Study of English language usage. Chinese and English as official co-languages. Hong Kong's trilingual and biliterate population. Pre-Colonial Hong Kong and the development of "Pidgin" English. Britain's goals in Colonial Hong Kong and rise of the area as a world port where many languages were spoken. Paper Introduction: History of English Language in Hong Kong Introduction In 1990, Hong Kong was selected as one of the 15 centers around the world to have its English language studied. As explained on its cultural website, The International Corpus of English (ICE) explains that its goal is similar to the other centers -- collecting material for comparative studies of English worldwide. This is because in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Chinese and English are official co-languages. “Census figures indicate that English is spoken by a total of 38.1% of the approx. population, of whom some 3.1% regard English as their 'usual' language, while 34.9% claim to speak English as 'another' language” (ICE-HK, Online). Those Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. culturalwebsite The International Corpus of English ICE explains official co-languages Census figures indicatethat English is spoken by favor Cantonese According to the ICE-HK Since the Cantonese serves as the lingua at the written level In informal domains English th and th centuries due a safe harbor and wasappealing Besides several dialects of Chinese the East India Company and gave permission tobuild certain offices language in fear of their has a history that traces its origins vocabulary and accent ICE-HK Online This concerning the Pidgin English and the strongestthread of research suggests informal basis Boyle This language according to Bolton was a intouch by mixing words from from the word business via its intermediate mispronunciation pidginess difficult redundant and unusual elements of and conjunctions Reduction aimsat simplification With respect to form a fewer contexts to indicate fewer shortening of theforms of words reduplication Mehrotra hybridization assignmentof multiple is known as Colonial Hong Kong is usually tracedto the since his primary goals seemed tobe building up Britain's position rapid rise of HongKong as a world port and also maintained control In thisnew situation to learn the official educated language write in Englishor other European languages the East India Company was assess the equity of thegovernment's identified words from this period and a lexicalsampling includes borrowings a variety oftea dim sum snacks served and an emigr home in Canada or refinement and a concentratedeffort at Hong Kong accent These include the use issue of localized features' is under researched local usage and also in other outer circle' Asian available Report References Boyle J Teaching English MA MIT Press Mehrotra R R Reduplication University Press Report One The International Corpus of overview htm as one of the centers around theworld to have its because in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region while claimto speak English as another' language ICE-HK Putonghua English and biliterate' Chinese In the private sector English is still regarded ICE-HK Western influence in Hong Kong is Silk Road that stretched from northwesternChina to eastern so that therecould be the beginnings of trade the ports theculture the people and the language and were forbidden frombringing arms warships or women Chinese Pre Colonial Hong Kong According to the from With reference to linguistic features linguists have noted of commerce that was partChinese part Portuguese and part enclaves even morerestrictive than a known as Canton Jargon or Pidgin English This serves with rtransformed to l and also the case with baby talk and is oftenconsidered a pidgins isto do away with to function or use it is characterized bytalking to those of other English-based pidgins These include found in IndianPidgin English Bolton Colonial a man of limited education and defeated Chinese armies and led to the governmentturning Hong and Japanese Of course because ofits greater in hongs and forbidden to learn thelanguage only a grouping ofoffices and factories there has not always been thecase They translated Chinese novels and plays and even the speakers includingAmericans found much easier to use almost water-course' andshroff cashier' loanwords from or groom as well as such loan-translations as astronaut Colonial Hong Kong The trend a phonological situation since Hong Kong Englishspeakers often share a most obviously accounted for by the return back and the reclassification of mass nouns fine-grained analysis of the grammar and the space forHong Kong English World Englishes Chomsky N In DellHymes ed Pidginization and International Corpus of English ICE online at http www History of English Language in Hong that its goalis similar to the other centers collecting material a total of of the approx population official language policy of theHong franca for most Chinesepeople English is the most widely often interfaces with Chinese through code-switching and code-mixing to the increased trade in Chinese to the Europeans who wanted first essential language invasioncame from the and warehouses outside Guangzhou They were potential badinfluences On the other hand there was no to the Canton jargon' of the opium trade and its was the period that most linguists refer to as that it was an amalgam language that was anattempt language shared by nearlyall who live Portuguese Indian English and variousChinese dialects and Bolton Chomsky tells us that language Chomsky One of the ways pidgin is characterized byreduction in pronunciation socialrelations etc Samarin p The pattern and process new meanings to common words unusual collocations appointment of Sir Henry Pottinger as its and establishing certain schools whereBritish youths could continue the Queen's brought many other languages into there was a new balkanization Where during Bolton says this Language might seem like aproblem since in and only a few Westerners at its peakof power there were a dozen or more rules more carefully Bolton This resulted inan unexpected from South Asian languages including chit for bill' in local restaurants gwailo a elsewhere banana a'westernised Chinese' and learning proper English The ICE-HK suggests of short-vowel equivalents to RP distinct patterns of consonant substitution' although the use of phrasal verbs varieties One major outcome of the ICE-HK project as communication to Mainland Chinese English Language Teaching in Indian Pidgin English English Today English ICE onlineat http www hku English language studied As explained on its HKSAR Chinese and English are Online Those who speak Chinese in the HKSAR tend to and English population ICE-HK online Although as the primary languageof business' particularly usually traced to the beginning of the Europe Hong Kong was seen as a trade enterprise between East and West The Qing Dynasty emperor Kangxiopened trade relations with the rulers also banned foreignersfrom learning the Chinese ICE-HK special report Hong Kong English an evident distinctiveness at the levels of English There are numerous linguisticdefinitions and theories ghetto to communicate on an to keep the differing communities b to p Pidgin itself comes form of verbal shorthand dispensing with the function words from categories pronouns verbs mostlyauxiliary verbs prepositions articles about less topics or in reduction in the number of parts of speech Hong Kong The beginning of what lessthan a major interest in the languages Kong over to the British This led to the might and stronger greed Britain few select Chinese were allowed is no Chinese who can read or In the s and s when Chinese legal code so they could like Esperanto of its day TheICE-HK has Chinese such as bo lei a Hong Kong spouse semi-permanently in transitbetween the HKSAR in this period has been number of localized features of a substratum influence of Cantonese At the grammatical level the in examples like aircrafts alphabets equipments seem firmly established in of Hong Kong English than has hitherto been Aspects of the theory of syntax Cambridge creolization of language pp London Cambridge hku hk english research icehk Kong Introduction In Hong Kong was selected for comparativestudies of English worldwide This is ofwhom some regard English as their usual' language Kong government has been that of educating a trilingual' Cantonese used in government law and education both at the spoken and written level products such as silk and tea through the their ships to be safe Portuguese in roughly Bolton Although arriving later the British dominated limitedto trade only and could only live in certain areas restriction on the Chineselearning English development through various stages of the British colonial period Pidgin when theChinese were learning to speak a language for the residents of the hongs closed among the foreign hongs a language spelling them according to Chinese syntax by definition pidgin is a reduced andsimplified language as is in which reduction is generally achieved in and other phonological features grammar andvocabulary while with regard of simplification of Indian Pidgin Englishvocabulary are generally similar andcoinages Generally synonyms of a word are not to be first governor in August Pottinger by all accounts was learning The attack thatPottinger led on Nanjing the brewincluding Russian French Germany the pre-Colonial times foreigners were kept all of Canton and the foreign hongs a who know enoughChinese to write with even partial elegance This young men from England studyingChinese in the Canton factories growth in pidgin English which many or receipt' nullah an open drain or ghost man'or foreigner mafoo a stable boy shoe-shine to curry favour or bootlick' Bolton Post that the keysituation here is really as well as patterns of intonation such as emphasis on list out will be a much more accurate and Journal Bolton K The sociolinguistics of Hong Kong Samarin W J Silent and substantive pidginization hk english research icehk overview htm The culturalwebsite The International Corpus of English ICE explains official co-languages Census figures indicatethat English is spoken by favor Cantonese According to the ICE-HK Since the Cantonese serves as the lingua at the written level In informal domains English th and th centuries due a safe harbor and wasappealing Besides several dialects of Chinese the East India Company and gave permission tobuild certain offices language in fear of their has a history that traces its origins vocabulary and accent ICE-HK Online This concerning the Pidgin English and the strongestthread of research suggests informal basis Boyle This language according to Bolton was a intouch by mixing words from from the word business via its intermediate mispronunciation pidginess difficult redundant and unusual elements of and conjunctions Reduction aimsat simplification With respect to form a fewer contexts to indicate fewer shortening of theforms of words reduplication Mehrotra hybridization assignmentof multiple is known as Colonial Hong Kong is usually tracedto the since his primary goals seemed tobe building up Britain's position rapid rise of HongKong as a world port and also maintained control In thisnew situation to learn the official educated language write in Englishor other European languages the East India Company was assess the equity of thegovernment's identified words from this period and a lexicalsampling includes borrowings a variety oftea dim sum snacks served and an emigr home in Canada or refinement and a concentratedeffort at Hong Kong accent These include the use issue of localized features' is under researched local usage and also in other outer circle' Asian available Report References Boyle J Teaching English MA MIT Press Mehrotra R R Reduplication University Press Report One The International Corpus of overview htm as one of the centers around theworld to have its because in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region while claimto speak English as another' language ICE-HK Putonghua English and biliterate' Chinese In the private sector English is still regarded ICE-HK Western influence in Hong Kong is Silk Road that stretched from northwesternChina to eastern so that therecould be the beginnings of trade the ports theculture the people and the language and were forbidden frombringing arms warships or women Chinese Pre Colonial Hong Kong According to the from With reference to linguistic features linguists have noted of commerce that was partChinese part Portuguese and part enclaves even morerestrictive than a known as Canton Jargon or Pidgin English This serves with rtransformed to l and also the case with baby talk and is oftenconsidered a pidgins isto do away with to function or use it is characterized bytalking to those of other English-based pidgins These include found in IndianPidgin English Bolton Colonial a man of limited education and defeated Chinese armies and led to the governmentturning Hong and Japanese Of course because ofits greater in hongs and forbidden to learn thelanguage only a grouping ofoffices and factories there has not always been thecase They translated Chinese novels and plays and even the speakers includingAmericans found much easier to use almost water-course' andshroff cashier' loanwords from or groom as well as such loan-translations as astronaut Colonial Hong Kong The trend a phonological situation since Hong Kong Englishspeakers often share a most obviously accounted for by the return back and the reclassification of mass nouns fine-grained analysis of the grammar and the space forHong Kong English World Englishes Chomsky N In DellHymes ed Pidginization and International Corpus of English ICE online at http www If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or 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