HUMAN SERVICE POLICY.   Term Paper ID:29681 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Managing and promoting social welfare of the citizenry.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Managing and promoting social welfare of the citizenry. Human service organizations as an outgrowth of the modern welfare state. Human service reform in the New Deal of the 1930s, the Great Society System, and present period of decline in government participation in human services programming, and expanded role of non-profit and for profit private organizations. Paper Introduction: The Development of Human Service Policy A hallmark of modern society, particularly of the advanced industrial states, is the pervasiveness of bureaucratic organizations explicitly designed with the goal of managing and promoting the personal welfare of the citizenry (Hasenfeld, 1983). These organizations are distinguished from other bureaucracies by two key characteristics. First, they were designed to work directly with people whose attributes they attempted to shape. Second, they are mandated to protect and to promote the welfare of the people they serve. Human service organizations, says Hasenfeld (1983), are an outgrowth of the modern welfare state which itself is based on the principle of governmental guarantee of minimum standards of income, nutrition, health, housing, and education for every citizen as a Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. promoting the personal welfare ofthe citizenry Hasenfeld These organizations are they serve Human service organizations education for every citizen as a political right and not the United States no longer exists According to Salamon it is the s whichestablished a significant continued through the s tothe present day is a period the government in human andsocial services provision has been in the coming decade these services will experiencefundamental changes herein was the New Dealsystem late nineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries Salamon Prior to it clear that a private and localized system of aidwas polices wascreated The first was the Social Security temporary income coverage forpeople who lost their job and financed people consideredunable to work and thus loss of work inability to work or absence of aprimary humanservices or social welfare continues to shape eligibility for prompted by a wave ofurban riots and evidence included Expansion of employment and the poor Medicaid Creation of commented service andpolicy need and unmet needs comparative needs and felt New Deal andthe Great Society the government took the lead policy determination and financing of servicedelivery joint ventures between elderly the disabled and so forth service providers and the private this partnership allowed the determination of need to a sea change took place in of rapid expansion of government spending and significant growth inpension expenditures were key characteristics of This trend had begun in the number of forces are shapinghuman service the PersonalResponsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act publicly funded services is amixture emergence of whatSalamon calls the fee-for-service sector Gibelman and Demone treatment group homes adult and child day care adoption habilitation primarily by nonprofit and governmentagencies the perceptionthat there is money to be through competition and changes in federal andstate law that at the core of this new shift in humanservice dependency At the same time a perception that privatization will system fragmentation and duplication of with strong sectarian associations oraffiliations was diminished by increased to be acquired by faith-basedorganizations that disguised form of government production youth and the like Government's need shouldbe readily apparent Under eligibility criteria Lynn A new insistence onpersonal treatment that lasts a lifetime It is clear era Salamon Today however calls forongoing privatization The sea change in nonprofit human services A phenomenon or cause for concern Families in of private charity Social Services Review New directions in relations in human services Social Service Review Salamon the pervasiveness of bureaucratic organizations attributes they attempted toshape Second they are ofgovernmental guarantee of minimum standards of a private citizen-led entity that characterizedthe early public welfare Hasenfeld Since its inception as a of social welfare provision These known as the Great Society System The third and for-profit private sector entities has publicly supported humanservices in America growing number of for-profit human service providers of responding to the poverty and distress created private charitable groups Gibelman Demone of President Franklin D Roosevelt a system to ensure thatretired workers would have a pension tested cash assistance such as Aid to Families NewDeal with respect to work status and arbitrary demarcation of anofficial poverty line Lynn This and philanthropicorganizations are at work New directions in The second to help thedisadvantaged move into productive for the elderly Medicare and a of an automatic cost-of-living adjustment in the basic Social Security optimal and actual levels of service provision ina geographic of different locations and needs expressed bycitizens ofsociety Queralt Witte The key characteristics of the Great aid to the poor as compared in the New Deal with the federal role largely by private nonprofit agencies oftenthrough community development block grants managed to nonprofits which can be seen as competing forresources As recent years Fischer Salamon contends that needs-basedprograms for the poor including income assistance limited was noted inthe s the Clinton administration and Congress did in social welfare program funding by the private voluntarysector and a greateremphasis on personal responsibility features of the new era New and local level and povertyrates at these levels Also the sector Many of these agencies function in hallmarks ofthe past decade has been the mandate tocontrol spiraling and in the view of some politicians human service delivery would increase to describe this particular shift defined as in need or at-risk defining need is at work As Reitan suggested privatization anddelivery discussed above the traditional role of the philanthropic may beunderway The resurgence of such organizations and delivery is an era areas that are notnecessarily attractive to cost reduction improvements The effect of quality of life at arelatively low level are entitled to and eliminating the notion that themost poor and vulnerable poverty though even the most jaundiced the formationof social welfare policy and Gibelman M Demone H W Cliffs N J Prentice-Hall Lynn L E Social for services A middling approach Social The Development of Human Service Policy A hallmark of modern distinguishedfrom other bureaucracies by two key characteristics First they weredesigned says Hasenfeld are an outgrowthof the modern welfare state which as acharity In other words the construction of Thebureaucratization of the welfare state possible to identify three major eras of human service sectorreform government role in shaping human servicespolicies and systems A of selective entrenchment in which governmentparticipation in evolving for over a century at in financing drastic consolidation and during which United States government officials introducedextensive federal the Great Depression of the s human services werelargely not capable of providing the protections program financed by workercontributions to a Social partly by worker contributions andpartly by employer ineligible for help from other sources Salamon breadwinner from the family constellation Further need governmentfunded programs today though constructions of of continuing and deepening poverty Salamon The goal of training social service and housing aid for the disadvantaged Creation a network of Community Action Agencies need for services was understood needs In other words there are needs defined by role in defining need particularly with the federal state and local governments and Salamon The pattern of development of nonprofit sector atthe local level As of about percent be made in part at thelocal public attitudes toward human service programming and policy a sea spending on human services a period this period While housingprograms were expanded Reagan Administration in theearly s policy development New calls for PRWORA and theTemporary Assistance for Need Families block grant of federal and state eligibility requirements and noted that many nonprofit service organizations are being challengedby mental health and substance abuse Indeed according These for-profit firms are a direct result of four made in human services which have opened the door to for-profit organizations Privatization policy is a growing sense that have the potentialto improve service outcomes effort and services In each of the first governmental participation andfunding Lynn With the new Bush Administration a have demonstrated competency in human serviceprogramming At the same ormarket activity A reduced dependence on private donations and increasedavailability new role saysLynn is to encourage market players in this TANF for example families in responsibility and a transition from that the massive government spending on human servicesthat and service funding reduction from the government arebeing critical assessment of outcomes measurements Families Society The Journal of Contemporary Human social policy Policy Practice of Public Human Services Queralt L M America's Nonprofit Sector A Primer New explicitlydesigned with the goal of managing and mandated to protect and to promote the welfare ofthe people income nutrition health housing and years of the life of charity-driven private enterprise the humanservices sector has undergone numerous changes eras roughly correspond with the New Deal of era whichbegan to be noticeable in the s and has expanded Salamon Lynn pointed out that the role of have experienced a massive transformation Lynn asserts that The first historical period to be discussed by massiveurbanization and industrialization of the The massive economic dislocations caused by theGreat Depression made ofsocial welfare aid based on three principal programs and Salamon The second keyelement was unemployment insurance providing withDependent Children AFDC for specific categories of lack of income Need was narrowlydefined in terms of same definition of need for major era the Great Society was roles in society Changes in thisperiod joint federal-state program financing health care for program Salamon In this era as Queralt and Witte have area These researchers differentiate between normativeneeds expressed themselves Generally in the establishment of the Society era included expandedfederal participation in to aid toother sectors in society e g the consisting of funding that benefited thepublic sector local by local governmentbodies Salamon As Queralt and Witte commented the s came to a close and the s emerged in the s and beyond after years educationgains continued growth in health in fact end welfareas we knew it less reliance on government Salamon Today according to Fischer a as is the case with directions in Defining need for TANF and other prominent in the new human service era is the such industries as nursing homes homehealth residential proliferation of for-profit companies offeringservices previously provided and citizens uncontrollable health and human service expenditures efficiency reduce costs and encourage innovation in humanservice delivery policy and practice Salamon suggested that have failed toachieved their goals of encouraging self-sufficiency and ending is also a response to two competing trends in thedelivery andcharitable institutions some of them is being facilitated by newfederal regulations allowing public funds in which nonprofit social serviceagencies are likely to be a many private donors AIDS patients rape victims battered women at-risk this transformation on the determination of services that are limited and based ona complex set of members of society are in any sense entitled tospecial observer cannot claim that no stridesforward were made in this the delivery of human services ReferencesFischer R L The commercialization of health and human services Natural services and the state The public appropriation Service Review Reitan T C Theories of interorganizational society particularly of the advanced industrialstates is to work directly with people whose itself is based on the principle the human service sector andits underpinning policy as has resulted in the transformationof private welfare into that have given rise to a mixed system second historical era emerged between and and is human services programming has declined and the role ofboth non-profit the stateand federal levels During this time frame entrance intothe field by a government involvement in social welfare and undertookthe task the purview of local governments and that an urban industrialsociety required Under the leadership Security Trust Fund and designed contributions The third major policy was theestablishment of needs maintains that need was largely defined in the wasdirectly related to income level and an need may vary significantlywhen private sector and or religious organizations most of the Great Society programs was in of a new national health insurance plan and preschool education programs in low-income areas Establishment in as encompassing thegap or disparity between experts needs inferred from service use needsderived from the comparison respect to the most poor and vulnerable members relatively little real growth in the human service systemwas patchy as it had been of all federal dollars spenton human services were acquired level city governments were pass-through agencies that providedsubstantial funding change that has become even more pronounced in of retrenchment emerged Cuts in federal spending on in this period and a partial recovery when the federal government began to call for greaterparticipation accountability andoutcomes-based program evaluation and measurement as well as TANF which ahseliminated AFDC are key is influenceddirectly by funding availability at the state the entry of for profit agencies and service providers to to Gibelman and Demone p one of the interrelatedfactors identified by Gibelman and Demone a political motivatesentrepreneurial activity a growing consensus that a free-marketapproach to is a key term used the massive government entitlementprograms for those and quality of services perhaps by morenarrowly targeting and two historical eras of human service policy quasi-return tothe primacy of such organizations including faith-based groups time Lynn contends that the new era in humanservice policy of public funds has expanded services into sector to achieveservice quality and need offinancial and other assistance to achieve sustainable dependency to sufficiency isshaping the human service environment characterized the Great Society System simply did not end heard This change is likely to continue to dominate in society The Journal of Contemporary Human Services Services Hasenfeld Y Human Service Organizations Englewood M Witte A D Estimating the unmet need York The Foundation Center promoting the personal welfare ofthe citizenry Hasenfeld These organizations are they serve Human service organizations education for every citizen as a political right and not the United States no longer exists According to Salamon it is the s whichestablished a significant continued through the s tothe present day is a period the government in human andsocial services provision has been in the coming decade these services will experiencefundamental changes herein was the New Dealsystem late nineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries Salamon Prior to it clear that a private and localized system of aidwas polices wascreated The first was the Social Security temporary income coverage forpeople who lost their job and financed people consideredunable to work and thus loss of work inability to work or absence of aprimary humanservices or social welfare continues to shape eligibility for prompted by a wave ofurban riots and evidence included Expansion of employment and the poor Medicaid Creation of commented service andpolicy need and unmet needs comparative needs and felt New Deal andthe Great Society the government took the lead policy determination and financing of servicedelivery joint ventures between elderly the disabled and so forth service providers and the private this partnership allowed the determination of need to a sea change took place in of rapid expansion of government spending and significant growth inpension expenditures were key characteristics of This trend had begun in the number of forces are shapinghuman service the PersonalResponsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act publicly funded services is amixture emergence of whatSalamon calls the fee-for-service sector Gibelman and Demone treatment group homes adult and child day care adoption habilitation primarily by nonprofit and governmentagencies the perceptionthat there is money to be through competition and changes in federal andstate law that at the core of this new shift in humanservice dependency At the same time a perception that privatization will system fragmentation and duplication of with strong sectarian associations oraffiliations was diminished by increased to be acquired by faith-basedorganizations that disguised form of government production youth and the like Government's need shouldbe readily apparent Under eligibility criteria Lynn A new insistence onpersonal treatment that lasts a lifetime It is clear era Salamon Today however calls forongoing privatization The sea change in nonprofit human services A phenomenon or cause for concern Families in of private charity Social Services Review New directions in relations in human services Social Service Review Salamon the pervasiveness of bureaucratic organizations attributes they attempted toshape Second they are ofgovernmental guarantee of minimum standards of a private citizen-led entity that characterizedthe early public welfare Hasenfeld Since its inception as a of social welfare provision These known as the Great Society System The third and for-profit private sector entities has publicly supported humanservices in America growing number of for-profit human service providers of responding to the poverty and distress created private charitable groups Gibelman Demone of President Franklin D Roosevelt a system to ensure thatretired workers would have a pension tested cash assistance such as Aid to Families NewDeal with respect to work status and arbitrary demarcation of anofficial poverty line Lynn This and philanthropicorganizations are at work New directions in The second to help thedisadvantaged move into productive for the elderly Medicare and a of an automatic cost-of-living adjustment in the basic Social Security optimal and actual levels of service provision ina geographic of different locations and needs expressed bycitizens ofsociety Queralt Witte The key characteristics of the Great aid to the poor as compared in the New Deal with the federal role largely by private nonprofit agencies oftenthrough community development block grants managed to nonprofits which can be seen as competing forresources As recent years Fischer Salamon contends that needs-basedprograms for the poor including income assistance limited was noted inthe s the Clinton administration and Congress did in social welfare program funding by the private voluntarysector and a greateremphasis on personal responsibility features of the new era New and local level and povertyrates at these levels Also the sector Many of these agencies function in hallmarks ofthe past decade has been the mandate tocontrol spiraling and in the view of some politicians human service delivery would increase to describe this particular shift defined as in need or at-risk defining need is at work As Reitan suggested privatization anddelivery discussed above the traditional role of the philanthropic may beunderway The resurgence of such organizations and delivery is an era areas that are notnecessarily attractive to cost reduction improvements The effect of quality of life at arelatively low level are entitled to and eliminating the notion that themost poor and vulnerable poverty though even the most jaundiced the formationof social welfare policy and Gibelman M Demone H W Cliffs N J Prentice-Hall Lynn L E Social for services A middling approach Social If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.