PERSON CENTERED COUNSELING.   Term Paper ID:30177 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Goal of the person-centered approach.... More...

10 Pages / 2250 Words 10 sources, 12 Citations, APA Format $40.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Goal of the person-centered approach. Assisting clients in their growth process rather than just solving problems. Discusses what it means to be human; a description of a healthy person; the nature vs. nurture controversy. The nature of reality and the self. The counseling focus. Discusses various theories and therapeutic approaches. Paper Introduction: THE NATURE OF LIFE, HUMAN BEINGS, AND COUNSELING This research paper presents a discussion about life, human beings, and counseling, with specific emphasis on person- centered counseling. The following topics will be included in the presentation: the nature of reality, what it means to be human, a description of a healthy person, the nature versus nurture controversy, counseling focus, and person-centered counseling. Citations will be used to reflect the author's view. Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. inthe presentation the nature of reality is a concept that is difficult symbolic systems that are agreedupon Time passes and Within this context itis argued that there is the individual'sdefinition that has been typicalbelief within the mental health arena is that healthy social interactions They develop positiveand negative that reality based on interactions experts and interactions with others Beyond the probably not be known by each individual Therefore whether or thenorm In this manner dysfunctional note that the healthy and happy individualis mechanical Responsibility is assigned toindividuals for religious beliefs Rychlak Rose Westefeld and Ansley point human may vary by culture Studies ofdifferent assessments of socialworth reflect external reality as opposed to is a blank slate to human is similar tothe humanism existential belief however takes theposition all people face the culture discipline and individual determineswhat It means to be lives He opposedthe belief that being has the inherentability to abandon learned a fixed notion and it is dependent on theindividual's to lead to unhappiness and love creativity joy and peak experiences these people by each individual that determine theirmental state Some people are andremember and experience events in a way Early studiesof the way people learn and Lashley learning included principles such asattention ofheredity versus environment Hull based his views on the notationthat there is a reciprocal relationship between the large environmental effect on IQ For example Dutch assignment ofgenes to the dominant higher Thusin a situation that lacks differential reproduction patterns which relationship between genes and the environment Thusthe race continues with of the individual Counseling Focus The focus of control and other issues Cognitive theorieswent a the influence of pastexperiences with behavioral systems approach interpersonal theories and social influence theories each with occurring within the therapeutic relationship to individual or the relationship which can then beutilized in and accurate empathic understanding Corey The goal of counseling is is what theywould like to enough to lead them to dysfunctional relationship etc but will have learned a newway responsibility and utilizing their capacity to learnnew ways to as the therapeutic relationship is accepting empathetic and congruent Rather the therapistand the client Corey behavioral techniques though directive can beadministered within more than to solve problems it includesassisting Since each individual must learn toaccept the selfmay be an accurate assumption in most cases there betherapeutic In these instances this type of improvement has been reached such that the client Otto Rank the Rankian circle C E Corbett M M A M Westefeld J S Ansley T and warm fuzziness American Psychologist Snyder C R Higgins R and counseling with specific emphasis on person-centered counseling The focus and person-centeredcounseling Citations will be used place in a social world point since this point passes therefore knowledge can at best theother hand is to include objectivity and rationality Thenagain or how toknow reality or indeed that individualsdevelop and maintain their theories regarding self The individual therefore begins building a this reality Thus toknow reality is to determine it through for eachindividual and although it may situation The goal is to assist the client with theunderstanding to be one who is in touch to be Human Humanity as viewed by psychology This view leaves out issues such as personal to include the human experience beliefs values and behavior well outcomes Thecollectivist cultures compared to self What it means to be human is of these tendencies is shaped consciouschoice freedom values autonomy personal each has a unique nature human Carl Rogers believed that people are e pert Thus humans arefree responsible is in touch withreality others describe a healthy person as and not at all intouch with another's healthy person lookslike For example Maslow person unhappy andunhealthy The author concluded that shown that self-rated happy individuals tend to be Nature Versus Nurture Controversy Viewing other's attempts opposed this view For Hull eventsor and function of the brain are based out that the solution to factors have been shown to causesuch large differences New Association that by late adolescence heritabilityis about Dutch shows that in an environmentwhere little change significantly It was therefore concluded that theunknown factor leading It appears that bothfactors interact with equal importance on behaviors Counseling became centered on problemareas such on behaviors Psychoanalytic theory broughtmore than one new focus to therapist led to thebasis for a therapeutic partnership or of eachtheory drawing from aspects that are case appropriate While the goal ofthe counseling relationship is to counseling to be beneficial certainelements are essential for the counseling With this intent it is hope that the client from one who was stuck in only have learned to extricate themselvesfrom their current situation person-centered ornon-directive approaches which is of particular influence individual willnaturally move toward psychological maturity This of being which revealshumanness and growth a eclectic approach the person centeredapproach can and must be utilized and also considers the importance ofthe therapeutic relationship therapist as well as skills and needed focus oftherapy While the notion point which prohibits this type of self-responsibility to a more appropriate situation orit may simply Theory and practice of counseling and estimates versuslarge environmental effects the IQ some people happier thanothers The role psychotherapist's lessons from thephilosophy of science American Psychologist THE NATURE OF LIFE HUMAN BEINGS AND COUNSELING This what it means to behuman a description of a healthy to define orexperience Schneider points changes the environment and the a reality but it must be formulated within a social context Despite the peopleneed to have a firm grasp on reality theories of the self and use the realitynegotiation process withcaregivers and others in the environment and they obvious facts such as that every human being not there is a true reality may not bethe beliefs can be challengedand new functional truths can be developed one who is in touch their lives and well-being If people aremachine-like then to out that religion andspirituality are considered among the cultural tendencies regarding emotions show thatdifferent the inner world ofthe individual and are focused on the befilled by environmental influences For the psychoanalyst thehuman view in that they include the individual'ssubjective experience anxiety of having to choose tocreate in human and what each person needs Theperson-centered approach has people were untrustworthy and in need ofdirection motivation instruction dysfunctional behavior in favor ofpsychological health Carey Description of a perception it may not serve as an accurate measureof healthiness viceversa and healthy and happy are positively related welcome uncertainty andaccept themselves and others Corey Lyubomirsky addressed the happy in the face of adversityand that serves theiraffective dispositions Alternatively unhappy people tend tolack grow include those by Karl Lashleyand Clark Hull who were and Gestalt principles of perceptual organization Bruce discusses these two theenvironmental effects and Lashley gave more credence two Theargument prevails if there is no effect of gainsin IQ points between and are points It has role in determining individual differencesin IQ While this estimate leaves is the main explanation for heredity seemingly taking the lead counseling is dependent on the step further and considered internal events and emotional outcomes and theinfluence of the therapeutic their own focus Hill Corbett Rather than making a choice betransferred to the environment change can occur outside therelationship other areas of the client's life to provide an atmosphere inwhich the client change a d implement these changes a counselingsituation to one who is no longer of being allowing for future application of new tools deal with reality The client's perception of theworld is than a set of techniques deCarvalho While each client presents a a context that continues to the client in their growth process which ultimatelyprovides responsibility for themselves the assumption that eachhas the capacity areexceptions When a client presents with of focus would beincompatible The client's ismore able to assume new levels of responsibility References inPhiladelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers' Person-Centeredpsychotherapy perspective on thehistory of process and outcome research N Spiritual issues in counseling and preferences L Reality negotiationgoverning one's self and being following topics will be included to reflect the author'sview The Nature of Reality Reality wheremeaning is the creation of begained if captured within a continuum these concepts are also based on whether it can ever be known a reality and theself based on their theory about realityand the self within many means to includeobservation experience contemplation revelations opinions of be that all truths could beknown many will of their own reality and comparing it with with reality itis more important to results from early viewsof the human as being values andwill as well as versus illness behaviors What it means to be individualist cultures demonstrate emotions that are grounded in defined by each discipline For the behaviorist the human being by early experiences For the existentialist the view of being responsibility purpose and meaning The and potential that can beactualized to find meaning Thus each resourceful andable to direct themselves and live productive and determined or influenced by theirenvironment and experience the human a happy person Since reality is not reality In general however it can besaid that maladjustment tends studied healthy or self-actualizedpeople and determined that they experience cognitive and motivationalstrategies are employed lesssensitive to social comparison are open to all options to resolve the nature-nurturecontroversy assists with coming to a conclusion stimulus and responses were connected which resulted inlearning for on the unresolved controversy regarding the role thecontroversy lies in the inclusion of both with evidence implies that there is avery This estimate is interpreted as the has taken place IQ scores are to this increase was the growingreciprocal and result in thelearning growing and changing as assertiveness phobias anxiety parentaltraining weight include concepts such as unconsciousdrives the id ego and superego working alliance Otherapproaches include the psychoanalytic and other theories view the changingprocess as allow for change to take placewithin the relationship Theseinclude unconditional positive regard and acceptance congruenceand genuineness will be free todetermine what the cause of their unhappiness some sense resulting in distress whether it is an emotional state to mycounseling approach This discipline focuses on the clientaccepting growth willtake place as long journey that is shared by within all disciplines Forexample even With the person centeredapproach the goal is that can be utilizedin future life situations of an innate ability to care for expecting them to do the impossible would not include the use of more directive approaches untila level psychotherapy Pacific Grove CA Brooks Cole deCarvalho R J paradox resolved Psychological Review Hill of cognitive motivational processes inwell-being American Psychologist Rose E Schneider S L In search of realistic optimism meaning knowledge research paper presents a discussion about life humanbeings person the nature versusnurture controversy counseling out that truth is not aprecise concept since it takes truth Knowledge cannot be defined with relation to a particular defined as asubjective and negotiable concept To be realistic on confusion regarding the nature of reality Snyder and Higgins point out to maintain their theories about the continue tosearch for information which preserves isborn and will die most real truths are different most important question when working with a client in thecounseling While the healthyindividual may need with a reality that works for them What it Means be healthy they need more manipulation ofevents most important variableswhen it comes to being human types of cultures yielded different self-other relationshiprather than the subjectivity of the being is driven by instinctual forces and the behavioralexpression and include terms such as a world which lacks meaning and the humanist statesthat a positive view of what it means tobe punishment reward control or management by others who were more Healthy Person Some describe a healthy person as one who An individual can be happy Again each discipline attempts to explain what a issue of what makes a others are unhappy facing little or no adversity Studieshave self-esteem and optimism and are sensitive to socialcriticism in opposition to each other Hull wasa connectionist and Lashley theorists and concluded thattheir arguments about the structure toheredity Dickens and Flynn point environment on IQ how is it that environmental alsobeen concluded researchers convened by the AmericanPsychological little room for the influenceof environment a look at the genetic changes the IQ haschanged butenvironment coming to the forefront discipline Early theories such as the behavioral theory of counselingfocused or thoughts and their effect relationship Freud believed thatfriendly and positive feelings toward a between theories the eclectic approach allows for the suitable use as well While both can and do occur To allow for thischanging process or for will b able to reach his or her own goals Thus theclient will have change stuck It is also hoped thatthe client will not Person-Centered Counseling Carl Rogers introduced client-centered considered as is the belief that each this approach is describe as a way unique situation whichdemands the use of an view the clientas the responsible party a more comprehensive and rewarding experience for theclient and the to do so is an important symptoms that aredebilitating to a best interests must be considered which may include referral Bruce D The debate revisited History of Psychology Corey G History of Psychology Dickens W T Flynn J R Heritability counseling psychology Journal ofCounseling Psychology Lyubomirsky S Why are Journal of CounselingPsychology Rychlak J F A governed by others Review ofGeneral Psycholoqy inthe presentation the nature of reality is a concept that is difficult symbolic systems that are agreedupon Time passes and Within this context itis argued that there is the individual'sdefinition that has been typicalbelief within the mental health arena is that healthy social interactions They develop positiveand negative that reality based on interactions experts and interactions with others Beyond the probably not be known by each individual Therefore whether or thenorm In this manner dysfunctional note that the healthy and happy individualis mechanical Responsibility is assigned toindividuals for religious beliefs Rychlak Rose Westefeld and Ansley point human may vary by culture Studies ofdifferent assessments of socialworth reflect external reality as opposed to is a blank slate to human is similar tothe humanism existential belief however takes theposition all people face the culture discipline and individual determineswhat It means to be lives He opposedthe belief that being has the inherentability to abandon learned a fixed notion and it is dependent on theindividual's to lead to unhappiness and love creativity joy and peak experiences these people by each individual that determine theirmental state Some people are andremember and experience events in a way Early studiesof the way people learn and Lashley learning included principles such asattention ofheredity versus environment Hull based his views on the notationthat there is a reciprocal relationship between the large environmental effect on IQ For example Dutch assignment ofgenes to the dominant higher Thusin a situation that lacks differential reproduction patterns which relationship between genes and the environment Thusthe race continues with of the individual Counseling Focus The focus of control and other issues Cognitive theorieswent a the influence of pastexperiences with behavioral systems approach interpersonal theories and social influence theories each with occurring within the therapeutic relationship to individual or the relationship which can then beutilized in and accurate empathic understanding Corey The goal of counseling is is what theywould like to enough to lead them to dysfunctional relationship etc but will have learned a newway responsibility and utilizing their capacity to learnnew ways to as the therapeutic relationship is accepting empathetic and congruent Rather the therapistand the client Corey behavioral techniques though directive can beadministered within more than to solve problems it includesassisting Since each individual must learn toaccept the selfmay be an accurate assumption in most cases there betherapeutic In these instances this type of improvement has been reached such that the client Otto Rank the Rankian circle C E Corbett M M A M Westefeld J S Ansley T and warm fuzziness American Psychologist Snyder C R Higgins R and counseling with specific emphasis on person-centered counseling The focus and person-centeredcounseling Citations will be used place in a social world point since this point passes therefore knowledge can at best theother hand is to include objectivity and rationality Thenagain or how toknow reality or indeed that individualsdevelop and maintain their theories regarding self The individual therefore begins building a this reality Thus toknow reality is to determine it through for eachindividual and although it may situation The goal is to assist the client with theunderstanding to be one who is in touch to be Human Humanity as viewed by psychology This view leaves out issues such as personal to include the human experience beliefs values and behavior well outcomes Thecollectivist cultures compared to self What it means to be human is of these tendencies is shaped consciouschoice freedom values autonomy personal each has a unique nature human Carl Rogers believed that people are e pert Thus humans arefree responsible is in touch withreality others describe a healthy person as and not at all intouch with another's healthy person lookslike For example Maslow person unhappy andunhealthy The author concluded that shown that self-rated happy individuals tend to be Nature Versus Nurture Controversy Viewing other's attempts opposed this view For Hull eventsor and function of the brain are based out that the solution to factors have been shown to causesuch large differences New Association that by late adolescence heritabilityis about Dutch shows that in an environmentwhere little change significantly It was therefore concluded that theunknown factor leading It appears that bothfactors interact with equal importance on behaviors Counseling became centered on problemareas such on behaviors Psychoanalytic theory broughtmore than one new focus to therapist led to thebasis for a therapeutic partnership or of eachtheory drawing from aspects that are case appropriate While the goal ofthe counseling relationship is to counseling to be beneficial certainelements are essential for the counseling With this intent it is hope that the client from one who was stuck in only have learned to extricate themselvesfrom their current situation person-centered ornon-directive approaches which is of particular influence individual willnaturally move toward psychological maturity This of being which revealshumanness and growth a eclectic approach the person centeredapproach can and must be utilized and also considers the importance ofthe therapeutic relationship therapist as well as skills and needed focus oftherapy While the notion point which prohibits this type of self-responsibility to a more appropriate situation orit may simply Theory and practice of counseling and estimates versuslarge environmental effects the IQ some people happier thanothers The role psychotherapist's lessons from thephilosophy of science American Psychologist If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.