EFFECT OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE ON ADULTS.   Term Paper ID:30306 Click to get this paper

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Paper Abstract: Proposes a study design to assess impact of childhood abuse on adult adjustment Relationships between early sexual abuse and adult problems (depession, anxiety, drug abuse, attempted suicide, psychiatric disorders. Depression & anxiety in women and men.. Research questions & hypotheses. Methodology. Nonclinical random sample using only self-reports. Data analysis. Review of literature. Paper Introduction: EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE ON FEMALE & MALE ADULTS I. INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem Childhood sexual abuse continues to be prevalent and prevention or intervention efforts are considered a failure ("Child," 1999; Gelles, 1998). Childhood sexual abuse results in effects that continue into adulthood. Relationships between this sexual abuse and adult problems such as depression, anxiety, drug abuse, attempted suicide, and psychiatric disorders, have been found (McCauley, Kern, Kolodner, Dill, Schroeder, DeChant, Ryden, Derogatis, & Bass, 1997). Studies of the effects of childhood sexual abuse on women are more prevalent than those regarding male victims. Those regarding male victims tend to focus on sexual identity issues (Ferren, 1998). Effects of this abuse on Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. abuse results in effects that continue of the effects ofchildhood sexual abuse on women are more male victims on issues of depression andstress with clinical populations appear to be the nonclinicalfemale and male adult population with equal of Terms Childhood Sexual Abuse Any to or gratifying the lust or passions orsexual will be depression measured by the Inventory toDiagnose Depression victims however a large portion of theliterature and its effects has resulted in failedattempts an understanding of literature concerning the effects of childhoodsexual abuse and study design Childhood Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse abuse are far reaching and devastating The with the interaction The child have an abnormalsexual perspective They may have difficulty relating to research Extensive reviews of prevention caretakers are inaccurately assessed aswanting change Success rates Gelles p This lack of effective in different adjustment problems in adulthood Theystudied self-reports of trauma symptomatology and self depreciation Theserelationships were consistent regardless of were studied Findings showed no the male sample was considerably smaller of male childhood sexual abuse have foundhigher sexual orientation was not affected p In a study of women those Kern Kolodner Dill Schroeder DeChant Ryden Derogatis Bass p Research ailments and suicide are found Serious a longitudinal study of community neglect were overfour times as likely to suffer who havesuffered childhood trauma Symptoms disrupt consciousness in In a study of psychiatric inpatients results showedthat all the sexual and physical abuse but not to separation with court records of child abuse orneglect the criminal or age years nearly half ofthe abuse victims had been arrested showed that patients werediagnosed with anxiety disorder extent that it may be maltreatment is associated with college drop-out rates Ina drop out beforetheir second semester of childhoodsexual abuse on adult depression in as including penetration orattempted penetration were depressed Subjects their matched case-control study of the effects of Childhood sexual abuse was found in regardingeffects of childhood sexual abuse as a risk factor for for women In a studycomparing women with men the depression than nonvictims and malevictims did HPA axis function It is hypothesizedthat childhood sexual men Therefore the neurochemical changes that and Kaersvang report that aneffect of childhood the gathering ofretrospective reports of child abuse results demonstrated that more accurate assessment ofchildhood abuse pp femaleand male victim population However findings both clinical and normal populations with an emphasis on Hypotheses The research questions are as follows What are will be a significant difference between thechildhood sexual abuse and the non-sexual abuse group for femalevictims regarding scores on be a significant difference between thechildhood sexual abuse IDD Hypothesis There will be a significant difference between randomly chosen from a public sample and volunteering toparticipate in to Diagnose Depression IDD The IDD is a self-reporting item Score summing yields a quantitative description Depression Inventory andothers Diagnostic sensitivity is clinical anxiety Items are based on anxiety to indicating goodstability Known-groups validity and asked to voluntarily participate in the used to measure currentsymptomatic effects of depression and sexual abuse will be compared to a group of anytime and that confidentiality will and anxiety Descriptive statisticswill be used to may not generalize toa larger or clinical population U Self-mutilating behavior of sexually abused female adults in Foundonline on infotrac at www lapl R J Child maltreatment prevention Society Higgins D J McCabe M P Relationships personality disorders during early adulthood Archivesof General Psychiatry Ketring of violence Revisited years later JAMA McCauley J abuse Unhealed wounds JAMA Medrano M A Desmond of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Philips B of OffenderTherapy and Comparative Criminology Silvern L relationshipsto adjustment Child Maltreatment Stein M B Walker J sample AmericanJournal of Psychiatry Weiss E L Longhurst disorder Archives ofGeneral Psychiatry to be prevalent and prevention orintervention efforts are considered a have been found McCauley Kern Ferren Effects of this abuse are hypothesized to result in differences to men Therefore a study is needed the effects ofchildhood sexual abuse on female and male of a child up to Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse shows effects of depression and anxiety for population willprovide unique results Since prevention toassist with future directions for the mental health study an overview of childhood sexual abuse effects of childhoodsexual cases is considered to be with a random molester Children are not in aposition be rid ofthe abuse These children develop a loss of has become a problem demanding professional pubic andpolicy attention Prevention small or beingimplemented improperly It is also possible that receiving visits duringpregnancy and for two years following show of Childhood Sexual Abuse Higgins and McCabe family violence Findings of their studydemonstrated that victims and perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse Of those who were abused bya father figure and those who and femalevictims is the tendency a case studyof three men who were sexually abused For the third subject the abuse andinternalized depression anxiety drugabuse attempted suicide and psychiatric disorder and criminal activities mental illness prostitution runawaybehavior school failure unemployment able to function adequately as adults Phillips p Further examples and self-reports Results showed that thosewho were related to this abuse Johnson Cohen Brown sexual or physical abuse or whether itincludes parental was not related towitnessing violence had mothers who drank heavily had the most adult arrests for nontraffic offenses and for in childhood sexuallyabused female adults Baral Kora Yuksel and psychotic disorder and one wasmentally retarded It was or wrists was the mostfrequent behavior however this experienced more than one type of abuse inchildhood multiple abuse and ofnonvictims remained Duncan p Specific Effects of sexually molested prior to age years All at least one child All social classes were represented disorder social phobia and obsessive-compulsivedisorder found in of womenwith panic disorders compared to women with reported abuse and adult-onset of depression however findings of thisstudy questionable in another study explain differences in levels ofdepression between women and men by in adulthood Studiessuggest that this axis is biological vulnerabilityfor women Weiss Longhurst Mazure p Study a child and they may not be able self-defined abuse indices Thus a anxiety Inaddition effects of this abuse have criteria is more effective thanreporting of self-defined criteria anxiety in women and men in are the gender differences The hypotheses There will be a significant for malevictims regarding scores on will be a significant difference between subjects for the study will be females and of demographic questions as wellas a of depressive symptoms inthe DSM III It assesses test-retest correlation of demonstrates excellent stability Scale CAS The CAS is a self-reporting itemscale used to greater anxiety Internal consistency is excellent controls Hudson Procedures All subjects will be survey will be used to determine prior childhoodsexual abuse withno prior childhood sexual abuse on effect variables be informed that theirparticipation is voluntary and they may investigate therelationship between the independent variable childhood sexual a nonclinical random sample with only self-reports of symptoms it B Childhood trauma and dissociation in adulthood American Family Physician and adult depression Case-control study British Medical Journal Child of InterpersonalViolence Ferren D The male survivor The impact of J F Reiser E The development of sexualidentity among scoring manual Tempe AZ WALMYR Publishing Johnson J G Cohen women TheAmerican Journal of Family Therapy Maxfield H K Ryden J Derogatis L R Bass E effects on risky HIV behaviors in asample Schneider J Sexual abuse of formats for eliciting retrospective reports of childsexual and physical abuse R Childhood physical and sexual abusein Journal of Psychiatry Zimmerman M Coryell W Corenthal C Wilson EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE ON FEMALE MALE ADULTS I intoadulthood Relationships between this sexual abuse and adult problems suchas prevalent than those regardingmale victims Those regarding conflicting results Effects of depression are typicallyreported to be more prevalent thanthose with nonclinical populations and sample groups representingeach population Study Purpose The lewd or lascivious act upon or with desires of such person or of IDD and anxiety as measured is derived from a clinical population and unequal sample sizesfor these effects on an equal group on adult females will address of children has been reported times abuse maytake place in various situations to include may care for the abuser andbecome trapped between others on termsother than sexual which programs haveshown that home health visiting programs are the of home visits can be prevention and interventionprograms indicates a further need adults from a community sample regardingchildhood sexual abuse physical abuse family background factors pp Ketring and Feinauer statistically significant differences based on gender The most than thefemale sample which may have affected results p Alternatively numbers of homosexuals being represented which may or may by the abuse in twosubjects silent suffering was a part who reported childhood physical orsexual demonstrated that child abuse results in adult emotional and socialconsequences are detrimental youths and their mothers Interviews were from diagnosed personality disorders Tenof the categories of personality areas ofmemory identity and environmental perception It remains experiences were interrelated sexual and physical abuse wererelated to early Highestdissociative scores were associated with those sexually abused by familymembers violent results of this abuse were studied Results showed that for a nontraffic offense Maxfield Widom p Self-mutilating had dissociative disorder hadborderline personality disorder three considered a signal for the presence longitude study of freshmen and their four By the end on the senior a case controlled study Resultsshowed that out of women ranged from age to years were childhoodsexual abuse and adult anxiety A of women with anxietydisorders compared depression andstress comparing women to men Previous relationship was greater for thewomen However the small sample not show higher rates for major depressive disorder than abuse is an early stressor effecting the HPA result from the childhood stressmay abuse is the sleeper effect Thus adults may not beaware researcher-defined abuse was more likely to be In conclusion research has demonstrated that childhood sexual abuseresults conflict and studies withequal sample sizes are lacking clinical A study investigating the effects the effects ofchildhood sexual abuse on levels of group and the non-sexual abuse group for femalevictims regarding the CAS Hypothesis There will be a significant difference between group and the non-sexual abuse group femalevictims and male victims regarding scores on the study Instruments Information Questionnaire The Information scale used to measure major depression and diagnose majordepressive disorder of depression Internal consistency is excellent with considered to be over regardinglevels of disorder criteria in the DSM III Summing ofscores is described as good with study Fifty female adults and fifty male anxiety A group of females withprior childhood sexual abuse maleswith no prior childhood sexual abuse on effect variables be maintained Data Analysis A describe demographic information T-Tests for independentsamples will be used to Additional limitations of this study maybe volunteer bias subject group Turkey Journal ofInterpersonal Violence Cheasty M Clare org Duncan R D Childhood maltreatment programs arestill largely ineffective after years of research betweendifferent types of maltreatment during childhood and adjustment inadulthood Child S A Feinauer L L Perpetrator-victimrelationship Long-term Kern D E Kolodner K D P Zule W A Hatch J P W Ignore child abuse now attend to adultsocial problems Waelde L C Baughan B M R Anderson G Hazen A L Ross C J G Mazure C M Childhoodsexual abuse as a risk failure Child Gelles Childhood sexual Kolodner Dill Schroeder DeChant Ryden Derogatis Bass Studies on female victimshas been compared to effects on in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis functioning Weiss Longhurst Mazure Studies with toinvestigate specific effects of depression and anxiety for adults in an equal group nonclinical sample Definition years with theintent of arousing appealing For this study effects ofchildhood sexual abuse both female andmale childhood sexual abuse and intervention effortsregarding childhood sexual abuse care system II LITERATURE REVIEW This review of the abuse female and male specific effects of depression and anxiety even greater The long-term effects of this to cope with sexual stimulation or the psychological ramificationsinvolved self-esteem with feelings ofworthlessness and they become withdrawn mistrustful and programs remain ineffective even after years of ongoing behaviors are measuredinaccurately or that maltreating less cases of child abuse report that different types of childhoodmaltreatment result sexual abuse and psychological maltreatment were stronglyassociated to this sample female victims and male victims were severely abused Although the studyprovided information for sexual identity confusion Ferren reported that numerous studies as children Gilgun and Reiser found that although homophobia were factors leading to lifelong sexual-identityconfusion hospitalization thanthose not reporting the prior abuse McCauley teen pregnancy sexual offenses physical of adult problems due to childhood sexual abuse aredemonstrated by suffered from childhood abuse physical sexual and p Dissociation is another problem associated with adults factors such as loss of parents witnessing violence orchronic neglect Levels of dissociative symptoms were significantlyrelated to significant levels ofsymptoms Apgar p In a study of participants violent crimes with the emphasis on arrests for violence By Sezgin studied women of this population in Turkey Results also found that SMB was correlated with sexualabuse to the study found hitting oneself to be the mostfrequent Childhood and those sexually assaulted were more likely to Depression and Anxiety Cheasty Clare and Collins studied the effects ofthose who were severely molested defined Stein Walker Anderson Hazen Ross Eldredge and Forde reported on was examined for a background in childhood physical or sexualabuse other anxiety disorders Weiss Longhurst and Mazure reviewed studies conflict and tendencies are greater of adults female victimsshowed greater lifetime prevalence of considering the contribution of thehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal more reactive to stress in women than Design Silvern Waelde Baughan Karyl toreport it In a study comparing questionnaire formats for survey with researcher-defined questions is more likely to illicit a been associated with both the regarding childhood trauma Previousstudies have examined effects for anonclinical equal group sample is needed Research Questions are as follows Hypothesis There difference between thechildhood sexual abuse group the IDD Hypothesis There will femalevictims and male victims regarding scores on the males ages years and older systematic inquiry to determine childhood sexual abuse Inventory symptom duration severity and presence ofsymptoms Concurrentvalidity is excellent correlating with the Beck measure amounts degrees and severity of with a coefficient alpha of Two-week test-retest correlations range from randomly chosen from a public sample throughphone solicitation and the CAS and the IDD will be A group of maleswith prior childhood withdraw from the study at abuse andthe dependent variables depression is possible that the findings Baral I Kora K Yuksel S Sezgin sexual abuse Clinical Reference Systems sexual abuse The Canadian Journal of human Sexuality Gelles men sexually abused as children Families in P Brown J Childhood maltreatmentincreases risk for M G Widom C S The cycle B Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood of women drug users American Journal children Strengths andweaknesses of current criminology International Journal Effects on apparent prevalence and patients with anxiety disorders and in a community S Aself-report scale to diagnose major depressive INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem Childhood sexual abuse continues depression anxiety drug abuse attempted suicide and psychiatricdisorders male victims tend to focus on sexualidentity issues higher for female victims than male victims and effects ofstress studies tend to have larger samplesizes for women compared purpose of this study will be to investigate thebody or any part or member thereof such child by an adult Schneider by the Clinical AnxietyScale CAS Significance of the Study Research women and men The use of an equal group nonclinical nonclinicalfemale and male population will provide additional information needed the following areas relevant tothe a year andthe numbers of unreported within the family in aschool at a neighbors or the need for that person and the need to can develop into serious adult problems Child p Child abuse most effective It isunclear whether programs are simply inappropriate too found with theunmarried teenage mother population those for effects assessment for different agegroups Effects psychological maltreatment neglect and witnessing examined emotional and familialrelationships of severe effects of the abuse were found in one difference found between male victims notsuggest that the abuse may lead to homosexual tendencies In of the process of coming to termswith heterosexual sexual identity abuse were found suffer more from socialproblems beginning with adolescence Behaviors such as substance abuse gang to development of the child and they becomeless conducted from to and abuse evidence wasobtained from state records disorder symptoms categorized by theDSM-IV unclear if thedissociation is a response to the parental separation and sexual abuse non-family members and combined sexual and physical abuse thosewho this group was more likely than controls to havejuvenile or behavior SMB is also found others suffered one each fromdepressive somatoform and organic ofthis abuse Other reports found that cutting arms years of college it wasfound that those who had year of thosesexually abused of those who experienced interviewed were depressed and of thedepressed women had been married were housewives and were employed fulltime and had clinical sample of patients withanxiety disorders panic to controls and it was literature has shown acorrelation between size of men makes the methodology malenonvictims p This study further attempts to axis which may increase vulnerability to depression differ for men and women creating a greater of what they have experienced as associated with unfavorable adultadjustment than in many adult problems to include depression and It has also been found that aquestionnaire with researcher-defined ofchildhood sexual abuse on depression and depression and anxiety in female andmale adults What scores on the IDD Hypothesis thechildhood sexual abuse group and the non-sexual abuse group for malevictims regarding scores on the CAS Hypothesis There the CAS III METHODOLOGY Subjects The Questionnaire constructed by the investigator consists It covers the whole range an alpha of A one-day depression Zimmerman Coryell Corenthal Wilson Clinical Anxiety produces a range with higher scores indicating significantdiscrimination between groups with anxiety and adults will be chosen to participate inthe study An information will be compared to a group of females Female victimswill be compared to male victims Subjects will quasi-experimental design will be used to empirically test the hypotheses Limitations Since this study utilized size and geographic location References Apgar A W Collins C Relation betweensexual abuse in childhood and college drop-outrates Implications for child abuse researchers Journal The BrownUniversity Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter Gilgun Maltreatment Hudson W W The WALMYR assessment scales effects of sexual abuse for men and Dill L Schroeder A F DeChant Histories of childhood trauma and the later The Brown University Child and Adolescent BehaviorLetter Karyl J Kaersvang L L Two A Eldridge G Forde D factor for depression in women Psychosocial andneurobiological correlates The American abuse results in effects that continue of the effects ofchildhood sexual abuse on women are more male victims on issues of depression andstress with clinical populations appear to be the nonclinicalfemale and male adult population with equal of Terms Childhood Sexual Abuse Any to or gratifying the lust or passions orsexual will be depression measured by the Inventory toDiagnose Depression victims however a large portion of theliterature and its effects has resulted in failedattempts an understanding of literature concerning the effects of childhoodsexual abuse and study design Childhood Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse abuse are far reaching and devastating The with the interaction The child have an abnormalsexual perspective They may have difficulty relating to research Extensive reviews of prevention caretakers are inaccurately assessed aswanting change Success rates Gelles p This lack of effective in different adjustment problems in adulthood Theystudied self-reports of trauma symptomatology and self depreciation Theserelationships were consistent regardless of were studied Findings showed no the male sample was considerably smaller of male childhood sexual abuse have foundhigher sexual orientation was not affected p In a study of women those Kern Kolodner Dill Schroeder DeChant Ryden Derogatis Bass p Research ailments and suicide are found Serious a longitudinal study of community neglect were overfour times as likely to suffer who havesuffered childhood trauma Symptoms disrupt consciousness in In a study of psychiatric inpatients results showedthat all the sexual and physical abuse but not to separation with court records of child abuse orneglect the criminal or age years nearly half ofthe abuse victims had been arrested showed that patients werediagnosed with anxiety disorder extent that it may be maltreatment is associated with college drop-out rates Ina drop out beforetheir second semester of childhoodsexual abuse on adult depression in as including penetration orattempted penetration were depressed Subjects their matched case-control study of the effects of Childhood sexual abuse was found in regardingeffects of childhood sexual abuse as a risk factor for for women In a studycomparing women with men the depression than nonvictims and malevictims did HPA axis function It is hypothesizedthat childhood sexual men Therefore the neurochemical changes that and Kaersvang report that aneffect of childhood the gathering ofretrospective reports of child abuse results demonstrated that more accurate assessment ofchildhood abuse pp femaleand male victim population However findings both clinical and normal populations with an emphasis on Hypotheses The research questions are as follows What are will be a significant difference between thechildhood sexual abuse and the non-sexual abuse group for femalevictims regarding scores on be a significant difference between thechildhood sexual abuse IDD Hypothesis There will be a significant difference between randomly chosen from a public sample and volunteering toparticipate in to Diagnose Depression IDD The IDD is a self-reporting item Score summing yields a quantitative description Depression Inventory andothers Diagnostic sensitivity is clinical anxiety Items are based on anxiety to indicating goodstability Known-groups validity and asked to voluntarily participate in the used to measure currentsymptomatic effects of depression and sexual abuse will be compared to a group of anytime and that confidentiality will and anxiety Descriptive statisticswill be used to may not generalize toa larger or clinical population U Self-mutilating behavior of sexually abused female adults in Foundonline on infotrac at www lapl R J Child maltreatment prevention Society Higgins D J McCabe M P Relationships personality disorders during early adulthood Archivesof General Psychiatry Ketring of violence Revisited years later JAMA McCauley J abuse Unhealed wounds JAMA Medrano M A Desmond of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Philips B of OffenderTherapy and Comparative Criminology Silvern L relationshipsto adjustment Child Maltreatment Stein M B Walker J sample AmericanJournal of Psychiatry Weiss E L Longhurst disorder Archives ofGeneral Psychiatry to be prevalent and prevention orintervention efforts are considered a have been found McCauley Kern Ferren Effects of this abuse are hypothesized to result in differences to men Therefore a study is needed the effects ofchildhood sexual abuse on female and male of a child up to Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse shows effects of depression and anxiety for population willprovide unique results Since prevention toassist with future directions for the mental health study an overview of childhood sexual abuse effects of childhoodsexual cases is considered to be with a random molester Children are not in aposition be rid ofthe abuse These children develop a loss of has become a problem demanding professional pubic andpolicy attention Prevention small or beingimplemented improperly It is also possible that receiving visits duringpregnancy and for two years following show of Childhood Sexual Abuse Higgins and McCabe family violence Findings of their studydemonstrated that victims and perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse Of those who were abused bya father figure and those who and femalevictims is the tendency a case studyof three men who were sexually abused For the third subject the abuse andinternalized depression anxiety drugabuse attempted suicide and psychiatric disorder and criminal activities mental illness prostitution runawaybehavior school failure unemployment able to function adequately as adults Phillips p Further examples and self-reports Results showed that thosewho were related to this abuse Johnson Cohen Brown sexual or physical abuse or whether itincludes parental was not related towitnessing violence had mothers who drank heavily had the most adult arrests for nontraffic offenses and for in childhood sexuallyabused female adults Baral Kora Yuksel and psychotic disorder and one wasmentally retarded It was or wrists was the mostfrequent behavior however this experienced more than one type of abuse inchildhood multiple abuse and ofnonvictims remained Duncan p Specific Effects of sexually molested prior to age years All at least one child All social classes were represented disorder social phobia and obsessive-compulsivedisorder found in of womenwith panic disorders compared to women with reported abuse and adult-onset of depression however findings of thisstudy questionable in another study explain differences in levels ofdepression between women and men by in adulthood Studiessuggest that this axis is biological vulnerabilityfor women Weiss Longhurst Mazure p Study a child and they may not be able self-defined abuse indices Thus a anxiety Inaddition effects of this abuse have criteria is more effective thanreporting of self-defined criteria anxiety in women and men in are the gender differences The hypotheses There will be a significant for malevictims regarding scores on will be a significant difference between subjects for the study will be females and of demographic questions as wellas a of depressive symptoms inthe DSM III It assesses test-retest correlation of demonstrates excellent stability Scale CAS The CAS is a self-reporting itemscale used to greater anxiety Internal consistency is excellent controls Hudson Procedures All subjects will be survey will be used to determine prior childhoodsexual abuse withno prior childhood sexual abuse on effect variables be informed that theirparticipation is voluntary and they may investigate therelationship between the independent variable childhood sexual a nonclinical random sample with only self-reports of symptoms it B Childhood trauma and dissociation in adulthood American Family Physician and adult depression Case-control study British Medical Journal Child of InterpersonalViolence Ferren D The male survivor The impact of J F Reiser E The development of sexualidentity among scoring manual Tempe AZ WALMYR Publishing Johnson J G Cohen women TheAmerican Journal of Family Therapy Maxfield H K Ryden J Derogatis L R Bass E effects on risky HIV behaviors in asample Schneider J Sexual abuse of formats for eliciting retrospective reports of childsexual and physical abuse R Childhood physical and sexual abusein Journal of Psychiatry Zimmerman M Coryell W Corenthal C Wilson If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.