Essays on CRIMINAL JUSTICE: PRISONS
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RECIDIVISM AND PRISON BOOT CAMP.
Term Paper ID:30494
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Essay Subject:
Research study on high prison recidivism rate.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
12 sources, 17 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Research study on high prison recidivism rate. Major problem of recidivism in the criminal corrections system. Use of schock incarcertation or the prison boot camp concept as an approach to solving the problem. Goal and objectives of shock incarcertation and other alternative approaches. Cites results based on studies.
Paper Introduction:
RECIDIVISM: A REVIEW AND AN ANALYSIS
I. Introduction
The essence of the major problem confronting criminal corrections in the United States is the unacceptably high recidivism rate among the offenders processed through the system. The results of the application of many different approaches to the problem fail to provide a definitive answer to the recidivism problem. One approach that has become widely used in the United States is shock incarceration, or the prison boot camp concept (Bentayou, 1995).
Early research on the use of shock incarceration gave the programs glowing reviews. In all too many instances, however, the studies assessed limited data and tended to develop the findings that advocates of the concept wanted (Marcus-Mendoza, Klein-Saffran,
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PRISON PRIVATIZATION.
Term Paper ID:29937
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Essay Subject:
Discusses pros and cons of privitization of prison facilities.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
10 sources, 26 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses pros and cons of privitization of prison facilities. Evaluates issues and trends such as cost efficiency, rights of the individual, government monitoring but not operating prisons. Cites supporters of privitization arguments including reduction of cost of incarceration to governments, improved quality of services, better accountability, less bureaucracy. Arguments cited against privitization include potential for abuse of prisoner's rights by private sector, for-profit businesses and that privately run prisons are not as cost effective as claimed. Discusses privitization in several states.
Paper Introduction:
Evaluation of Prison Privatization
Privatization is increasingly at the forefront of every discussion in American life that deals with the cost efficiency of government. At the state, county, and even local levels, the privatization of prison facilities has become a major area for outsourcing opportunity. The privatization of prisons is touted by its supporters as reducing the cost of incarceration to governments. It is also criticized by its opponents as potentially reducing government control over prison system inmates and processes while potentially ushering in an opportunity for the abuse of prisoners’ rights at the hands of private sector, for-profit business entities (Metzgar, 1999). It is the purpose of this report to evaluate issues relevant to and trends in prison privatization, highlighting the pros and
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PRISON OVERCROWDING.
Term Paper ID:29570
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Essay Subject:
Examines the issue in the U.S.... More...
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16 Pages / 3600 Words
28 sources, 38 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines the issue in the U.S. Trends in incarceration and institutional overcrowding. Increase in prison population. Emergence of overcrowding as a major public issue. Increase in violence crimes in the U.S. Development of new sentencing guidelines & mandates prison time. Costs associated with operating prisons. Approaches to reduction of criminal activity.
Paper Introduction:
PRISON OVERCROWDING
Introduction
This research examines the issue and phenomenon of prison overcrowding in the United States. The examination reviews trends in incarceration, trends in institutional overcrowding, issues associated with prison overcrowding, and potential solutions to the problem of prison overcrowding.
Trends in Incarceration and Institutional Overcrowding
More than 6.5 million persons (3.1 percent of the adult population of the United States) were under correctional supervision in the United States at mid-year 2001 — the most recent available data. Of this total number, 1,962,220 were incarcerated (1,330,980 in prison and 631,240 in jail), 732,351 were on parole, and 3,932,751 were on probation (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 200
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PRIVATE PRISONS.
Term Paper ID:29502
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Essay Subject:
Discusses their contribution to the criminal justice system.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
5 sources, 10 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses their contribution to the criminal justice system. Problems of overcrowding and escalating building costs that led to growth of the private prison industry. Advantages and disadvantages. Increase in jobs for local communities. Cost efficiency. Concerns regarding their performance, inexperienced staff. Failure of most private firms to deliver cost-efficient services.
Paper Introduction:
One of the most pressing problems currently facing the correctional system in American society is overcrowding. In 2000, the number of imprisoned American adults reached 1.86 million, making U.S. the top country in the world with the highest number of incarcerated individuals. Many prisons are stretched past their limits. For example, the Lancaster State Prison in California that is designed to house 2,200 prisoners holds over 4,000 in the minimum- and maximum-security sections. Overcrowding has triggered riots and violence among prisoners (Dungan, 2001, p. 2). Furthermore, the quantity and quality of services for prisoners have also declined with excessive numbers of prisoners (Green in Wilson, 1996, p. 2). More importantly, the stressful conditions of squeezing people into limited space have also resulted in cases of misconduct by correctional
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OVERCROWDING IN PRISONS.
Term Paper ID:29472
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Essay Subject:
U.S. as the country with the highest number of incarcerated individuals.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
5 sources, 8 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
U.S. as the country with the highest number of incarcerated individuals. Discusses problems facing U.S. correctional system. Prisons stretched past their limits, triggering riots and violence among prisoners and misconduct by correctional officers. Decline of services for prisoners. Causes of overcrowding. Discusses options and programs to reduce overcrowding.
Paper Introduction:
The topic of this paper is private prisons and its contribution to the American criminal justice system. In order to cope with the problems of overcrowding in prisons and the escalating costs of building cells, public officials have transferred the responsibility of incarceration to private corporations. The growth of the private prison industry is based on the belief that corporations can improve cost efficiency of prisons by reducing expenses by 15 to 20 percent. According to Susan Hart of Corrections Corporation of America (CCA)—the largest prison company in the country, private firms are not as hampered by rules and procedures in obtaining supplies and construction as public organizations. In addition, private prisons also save on labor costs with the provision of lower wages and the absence of labor unions. The use of high
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PRISON-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX.
Term Paper ID:28679
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Essay Subject:
Discusses growing private prison industry & its role in U.S. economy & in poor small towns. Social implications. Special interests. Prison construction. Issue of "legal exploitation" of prisoners.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
6 sources, 10 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses growing private prison industry & its role in U.S. economy & in poor small towns. Social implications. Special interests. Prison construction. Issue of "legal exploitation" of prisoners.
Paper Introduction:
The United States has the highest per capita incarceration rate in history and the prison-industrial complex has become a key element of the U.S. economy. Like the military industrial complex, a term coined in President Dwight D. Eisenhower's farewell speech in 1960, the prison-industrial complex is a mixture of government interests and private business. Profit, of course, is a major motive with social control another. The social implications of the prison-industrial complex are profound, and indicate the direction the United States is taking after the Cold War to solve its social problems. The result, however, is not the solving of social problems with better health care, education and services for people, but the growth of a new big business, the prison industry.
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PRISON ABUSE.
Term Paper ID:28667
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Essay Subject:
Discusses California's Corcoran State Prison. Guards' use of deadly force. 1998 court case involving shooting of inmate by guard. Denial of prisoners' civil rights.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
8 sources, 12 Citations,
MLA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses California's Corcoran State Prison. Guards' use of deadly force. 1998 court case involving shooting of inmate by guard. Denial of prisoners' civil rights.
Paper Introduction:
Corcoran State Prison, part of the California prison system, has become infamous as a place where prisoners are abused, where guards used prisoners to stage fights and then bet on the outcome, where complaints by prisoners led to punishment for the prisoners but not for the guards who were committing offenses, and where finally a court delivered a major verdict against the California state prison system.
In its first decade of operation, Corcoran State Prison, touted as a state-of-the-art facility, proved to be a very dangerous place for prisoners to be placed. In that first ten years, Corcoran guards shot and killed seven inmates, and only nine months after opening, guards shot and wounded three inmates in eight weeks. These shootings were ruled justified on the claim that the intent was to protect an inmate or guard. Guards
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DRUG ADDICTED OFFENDERS IN PRISON.
Term Paper ID:28515
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Essay Subject:
Extensive survey of literature on imprisoned substance abusers. Problems, treatments, need for comprehensive treatment, model programs & obstacles. Recommendations. Abstract.... More...
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42 Pages / 9450 Words
38 sources, 78 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Extensive survey of literature on imprisoned substance abusers. Problems, treatments, need for comprehensive treatment, model programs & obstacles. Recommendations. Abstract.
Paper Introduction:
Treatment of Drug-Addicted Offenders in Prison
Abstract
There are an increasing number of individuals serving time in jails and prisons for drug-related crimes. However, the majority of these individuals have never received treatment for any substance abuse problems outside of the prison system, and the majority of them are still not being served while in prison. The federal government has authorized a new push for treatment of substance abusers within the prison system. Nevertheless, there are many obstacles to effective treatment, including inadequate guidelines, standards, referral and screening procedures, and lack of information about effective programs.
There are also programs that have met with success, most of
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HIGH PRISON RECIDIVISM RATE.
Term Paper ID:28486
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Essay Subject:
Discusses variety of programs to help ex-offenders & prevent prison return, especially among young people. Academic, vocational, drug, religious, social & life skills programs.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
15 sources, 21 Citations,
APA Format
$72.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses variety of programs to help ex-offenders & prevent prison return, especially among young people. Academic, vocational, drug, religious, social & life skills programs.
Paper Introduction:
One of the major problems in knowing how to deal with criminals is the high recidivism rate. According to current figures, 62 percent of state prisoners will be re-arrested for a crime within three years of their release, and of these, 41 percent will return to prison (Pierce, 2000). Recidivism rates are highest in the first year after release, and are highest among young offenders: three out of four inmates under the age of 17 are re-arrested, and half will go back to prison (Sudo, 1989). Obviously there is something wrong with the way the justice system is punishing criminals for their crimes: it does not reform them, or deter them from committing further crimes once they are released from prison.
Getting tough on criminals with longer sentences does not seem to be working. The resultant overcrowding means more money is ne
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ATTICA PRISON RIOT.
Term Paper ID:28171
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Essay Subject:
Discusses the 1971 riot in terms of prison policies & reforms instituted after riot.... More...
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4 Pages / 900 Words
6 sources, 6 Citations,
MLA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the 1971 riot in terms of prison policies & reforms instituted after riot.
Paper Introduction:
The Attica prison riot took place in September, 1971 at the Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, New York and lasted four days. It ended when 1,500 State Police and National Guardsmen stormed the complex, leaving 42 people dead, including 10 hostages ("Attica Prison Riot"). At the end of the riot, there were conflicting calls for tougher prisons on the one hand, and for prison reform to correct the abuses that had contributed to the riot on the other. In the immediate aftermath of the riot, a number of reforms were instituted. However, in the years since, politicians and administrators have responded to calls to be tougher on crime by incarcerating many more people, thus overcrowding many facilities; reducing any service that might be seen as "coddling" prisoners; reducing or eliminating prison education programs; and generally creating a
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PRIVATE PRISONS.
Term Paper ID:28059
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Essay Subject:
History of privitization. Cost factors, conditions, rehabilitation efforts, public attitudes, problems.... More...
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16 Pages / 3600 Words
12 sources, 36 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
History of privitization. Cost factors, conditions, rehabilitation efforts, public attitudes, problems.
Paper Introduction:
Summary
America’s prisons hold 1.9 million prisoners, far more than they were designed to incarcerate. Yet, government agencies (both state and federal) lack the funding required to build new prisons. Some states (such as New York and California) have circumvented the will of the voters and built costly new prisons, leaving a huge burden for taxpayers. Other states (such as Texas) have turned to private companies, which have stepped into that vacuum by building and operating prisons around the nation, though not without controversy.
Operators of private prisons claim they are cheaper, more efficient, and better at rehabilitation than public prisons. Many opponents challenge these assertions, arguing that the cost savings are illusory. Critics claim that any cost savings that are achieved result from cutt
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BROTHERS & KEEPERS - Wideman
Term Paper ID:27900
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Essay Subject:
Examines psychology of criminal behavior as presented by J.E. Wideman in BROTHERS & KEEPERS.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
2 sources, 6 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines psychology of criminal behavior as presented by J.E. Wideman in BROTHERS & KEEPERS.
Paper Introduction:
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
The book Brothers and Keepers by John Edgar Wideman is the true account of a novelist about the fact that his brother is sentenced to prison for life for murder, something the novelist's brother tries to understand and with which he has to cope. The first question he considers is why his brother ends up in prison while he goes a very different direction in life. He further questions the meaning of criminal behavior and how it develops. He examines the nature of the prison system. He must learn to cope with that system as a visitor, an outsider who is given insight by his visits and by letters written by his brother from the inside.
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PUNISHMENT & CRIME.
Term Paper ID:26965
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Essay Subject:
Examines history & evolution of punishment in U.S. prisons & its effectiveness in deterring crime.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
12 sources, 14 Citations,
MLA Format
$56.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines history & evolution of punishment in U.S. prisons & its effectiveness in deterring crime.
Paper Introduction:
In recent years, society has become more fearful of crime and more concerned that the criminal justice system does not deter violent crime as it should. Fear of crime is a driving force in elections and political battles. The desire of the people for tougher sentences can run afoul of the Constitution and its prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, among other provisions. The issue of cruel and unusual punishment is often argued with reference to the death penalty, but it has applications in other punitive situations. The concept of what does and does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment has evolved in decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court over the years, and the present state of the issue has developed from earlier views and cases. Yet, of equal importance is the issue of whether tougher punishment serves its intended purpose and
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BOOT CAMPS AS ALTERNATIVE INCARCERATION.
Term Paper ID:26241
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Essay Subject:
Examines this concept & practice, effectiveness, pros & cons, dangers, history, examples, techniques, inmate selection criteria, recidivism, administration & supervision, goals, return of inmates to community.... More...
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27 Pages / 6075 Words
19 sources, 38 Citations,
APA Format
$136.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines this concept & practice, effectiveness, pros & cons, dangers, history, examples, techniques, inmate selection criteria, recidivism, administration & supervision, goals, return of inmates to community.
Paper Introduction:
BOOT CAMPS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL INCARCERATION
Abstract
This research reviewed the recent (1995 and later) literature relevant to the application of the boot camp prison concept in the United States. The objective of this review was to draw conclusions and make recommendations relative to the effectiveness of boot camp prisons and the desirability of continuing to fund boot camp prison programs.
The success of intensive supervision in shock incarceration programs is indicative of a likelihood that the concept would work equally as well in conjunction with any corrections program. What success has been attained within the context of community reintegration, however, has been attributable largely to intensive post-release supervision, as opposed to par
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INTERMITTENT INCARCERATION.
Term Paper ID:25885
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Essay Subject:
Origins, goals & effectiveness of alternatives to full-time incarceration. Public support, costs, types (weekend or night jail-time, halfway houses), eligibility, impact on recidivism.... More...
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11 Pages / 2475 Words
26 sources, 44 Citations,
APA Format
$88.00
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Paper Abstract:
Origins, goals & effectiveness of alternatives to full-time incarceration. Public support, costs, types (weekend or night jail-time, halfway houses), eligibility, impact on recidivism.
Paper Introduction:
INTERMITTENT INCARCERATION
This research paper examines the origins and reasons for the use of intermittent incarceration of convicted criminals on probation in the United States and elsewhere, how and when it is used, the results gained from experience with it, other pros and cons and prospects for its future use.
Origins and Rationale for the Use of Intermittent Incarceration
Morris & Tonry (1990) define intermittent incarceration as "a method of allowing the offender to serve an incarcerative sentence without having to disrupt his employment and family ties as does a longer single period of jail or prison" (p. 218). They say it is employed "for incapacitative purposes and training for conformity" (p. 178).
Intermittent incarceration in the form of halfway houses
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RECIDIVISM & EDUCATIONAL REFORM.
Term Paper ID:25309
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Essay Subject:
Examines how prison schooling affects recidivism & assesses adult basic education, vocational, psychoeducational & college level programs & impact on inmates.... More...
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23 Pages / 5175 Words
25 sources, 31 Citations,
APA Format
$136.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines how prison schooling affects recidivism & assesses adult basic education, vocational, psychoeducational & college level programs & impact on inmates.
Paper Introduction:
RECIDIVISM AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of educational programs designed for inmates on recidivism. To this end, the paper examines various kinds of programs including: adult basic education programs; vocational programs; psychoeducational programs; and college level programs. Following an examination of the general effectiveness of these programs with respect to recidivism, the paper develops a set of conclusions regarding; a) the relationship between recidivism and the successful completion of educational programs; and b) the type of programs that appear to be particularly well-suited to the transitory nature of the jail population.
Recidivism and Adult Basic Education Programs
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COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS IN OREGON.
Term Paper ID:24858
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Essay Subject:
Examines program overseeing paroled offenders. Objectives, history, sanctions & services, intervention, political aspects, effectiveness.... More...
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15 Pages / 3375 Words
8 sources, 23 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$120.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines program overseeing paroled offenders. Objectives, history, sanctions & services, intervention, political aspects, effectiveness.
Paper Introduction:
THE COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS POLICY AND PROGRAM IN OREGON
Introduction
This research describes, places in historical perspective, analyzes, and assesses the community corrections policy in the State of Oregon. The findings of this research are presented in sections dealing with (1) policy description, (2) historical background on the policy, (3) analysis of the policy within the context of liberal and republican thought, and (4) assessment of the policy and its implementing program.
Policy Description
The name of the policy that is the focus of this research is the Community Corrections program of the State of Oregon. This policy was enacted into law in 1977 by the state legislature. Officially, the Community Corrections Act is desc
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PRISON RIOTS.
Term Paper ID:24675
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Essay Subject:
Analyzes three riots (Attica, Sante Fe, Lucasville) for causes, responses, effects & clues to prevention or control.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
23 sources, 19 Citations,
APA Format
$80.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analyzes three riots (Attica, Sante Fe, Lucasville) for causes, responses, effects & clues to prevention or control.
Paper Introduction:
How Riots in Prison Can Be Prevented and Controlled
An analysis of the three most notorious riots in the US shows differences in the revolts but also reveals significant similarities in the conditions that helped triggered the riots.
This could help control and perhaps prevent riots in the future. Prison riots involve a seizure of control, violence, and inmate demands for changes in the prison. Since the first prison riot in the United States in 1774, some 300 prison riots have been reported in this country in the past two centuries (Fox, 1972). Not surprisingly, prison inmates stage disturbances and riots and take hostages to air grievances. These disturbances and riots often erupt as acts of desperation among inmate leaders who have come to believe that it is a last resort to get a hearing from prison officials, policy makers, and the public about unfair
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PRISONERS' PRIVILEGES.
Term Paper ID:24502
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Essay Subject:
Argues against giving inmates special privileges such as weightlifting, on basis of need for punishment.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
6 sources, 11 Citations,
APA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Argues against giving inmates special privileges such as weightlifting, on basis of need for punishment.
Paper Introduction:
Weightlifting Privileges for Inmates
This paper will discuss whether inmates should be allowed special privileges such as the right to engage in weightlifting activities despite the fact that they are incarcerated. The paper will present opposing arguments and then present the position that inmates should not be allowed weightlifting privileges. Moreover, the discussion will analyze why inmates should not be allowed such privileges and will give sound reasons against this type of policy for individuals who are incarcerated.
Today, most prisons in America are suffering from overcrowding. A few scholars have suggested that more prisons need to be built to solve the overcrowding problem. However, recent studies show that by the 1980s, the decision to build a 500-bed institution will require the public to spend tax dollars of $350 million
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PRISON PRIVATIZATION.
Term Paper ID:24345
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Essay Subject:
Analyzes need for & benefits of this approach to overcrowding. Economics, legal issues, administration, liability, philosophies of punishment, role of govt., public vs. private interest.... More...
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25 Pages / 5625 Words
22 sources, 40 Citations,
APA Format
$136.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analyzes need for & benefits of this approach to overcrowding. Economics, legal issues, administration, liability, philosophies of punishment, role of govt., public vs. private interest.
Paper Introduction:
THE QUESTION OF PRISON PRIVATIZATION
Issue Definition
This study examines the concept of prison privatization with a view toward assessing the acceptability of the concept as a public policy for widespread application in the United States. Both the privatization of public services and the addressing of cost issues associated with prison construction and operation are contentious issues in the United States in the contemporary period. In examining these issues, background information on the issues is provided, key conflicts and concerns are examined, policy alternatives are identified and evaluated, and recommendations are made.
Background Information
Prison overcrowding and the costs associated with both the construction
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CORRECTIONAL FACILITY BUDGETING.
Term Paper ID:24325
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Essay Subject:
Develops operating budget for fictional state prison: cost per inmate, employee pay, revenue. Exhibit.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
7 sources, 18 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
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Paper Abstract:
Develops operating budget for fictional state prison: cost per inmate, employee pay, revenue. Exhibit.
Paper Introduction:
CORRECTIONAL FACILITY BUDGETING
Introduction
This research develops an operating budget for a state-level medium-security correctional facility. In developing this operating budget, cost assumptions for the facility are developed and justified first. Operating cost assumptions are presented in the following section. A pro-forma annual operating budget is presented following the operating cost assumptions.
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AIDS IN PRISONS.
Term Paper ID:23931
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Essay Subject:
Incidence, deaths, impact on prisoners & staff, institutional responses, testing, at-risk behavior, legalities of segregation, economic costs.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
6 sources, 28 Citations,
Format
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Paper Abstract:
Incidence, deaths, impact on prisoners & staff, institutional responses, testing, at-risk behavior, legalities of segregation, economic costs.
Paper Introduction:
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PENAL REFORM.
Term Paper ID:23726
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Essay Subject:
Historical overview of penal system & reform efforts, punishment vs. rehabilitation, recidivism, treatment programs, future.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
5 sources, 20 Citations,
APA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Historical overview of penal system & reform efforts, punishment vs. rehabilitation, recidivism, treatment programs, future.
Paper Introduction:
Society's desire to control criminal behavior has always been the basis for the establishment and perpetuation of carceral systems the world over. How those systems operate, and the extent to which they are successful, has been of much concern and debate for sociologists, psychologists, criminologists, and the general public, especially in the western world. In America, the establishment of the current penitentiary form of incarceration can be traced to the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as the fledgling country sought to separate itself from its historical and political ties to England and the European continent.
Indeed, the American penal reform movement is at least as old as the country. At the time of the Revolution, the main societal controls designed to control and punish criminal
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COCAINE SENTENCING.
Term Paper ID:23524
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Essay Subject:
Examines cocaine industry, sentencing disparity for powder & crack cocaine offenders, & federal law biased against African-Amer.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
7 sources, 11 Citations,
MLA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines cocaine industry, sentencing disparity for powder & crack cocaine offenders, & federal law biased against African-Amer.
Paper Introduction:
The sentencing disparity between convictions for crack cocaine and powder cocaine is discriminatory toward African-Americans. Federal policy is responsible for this disparity, the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and Public Law 104-38 (Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Amendment, Disapproval) being the most significant contributors. Differences in the consumption and marketing patterns of crack cocaine and powder cocaine do not justify stiffer penalties. Ironically, the inequitable sentencing of African-Americans has done little to remedy the problem of cocaine trafficking in the United States.
Government officials justify the disparity in sentencing between powder cocaine and crack cocaine based on the devastating effect that the latter drug exerts at the community level. According to testimony at a recent Congressional hearing, "We
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GENDER IN CORRECTIONS FIELD.
Term Paper ID:23058
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Essay Subject:
Examines theories (social learning, gender role, symbolic interaction & stress) to explain why more men than women work as corrections officers.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
13 sources, 23 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Examines theories (social learning, gender role, symbolic interaction & stress) to explain why more men than women work as corrections officers.
Paper Introduction:
WOMEN IN CORRECTIONS
Introduction
This research examines the issue of women in the occupation of corrections officer. The objective of this research is to offer theoretical explanations for the disparity in numbers between female and male position holders in this occupation.
The labor participation rate in the United States is 61.5 percent (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1995, pp. 55-91). For males, the participation rate is 72 percent, while for females, the participation rate is 51.8 percent. Women comprise 43.0 percent of the total American workforce; however, women represent only 15.3 percent of American corrections officers. Currently, a little more than 27,000 of the nation's 180,000 corrections officers and 1,200 adult-prison wardens are women
The number of co
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HEALTH CARE IN PRISONS.
Term Paper ID:22977
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Essay Subject:
Services available, views of public, politicians & administrators, AIDS, gender issues, examples, TB, public health, costs.... More...
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15 Pages / 3375 Words
40 sources, 42 Citations,
APA Format
$120.00
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Paper Abstract:
Services available, views of public, politicians & administrators, AIDS, gender issues, examples, TB, public health, costs.
Paper Introduction:
The purpose of this research is to examine the current status of health care within the American state and federal correctional systems. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which prison-related health care takes place, and then to discuss the administrative environment in which treatment takes place, the availability of primary, maintenance, and rehabilitative health-care services for the varieties of both major and minor medical problems and where they are provided, the quality of care and how it is monitored, and the economic aspects of health-care services in prisons.
In 1971, describing prisons as "factories of crime," Ramsey Clark (1971, pp. 212-13) wrote that "ninety-five per cent of all expenditure in the entire corrections effort of the nation is for custody--iron bars, stone walls, guards. Five per cent is for hope--heal
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PRISONER PRIVILEGES.
Term Paper ID:22916
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Essay Subject:
Reasons for & effects of social & political pressures to reduce inmate privileges & increase harshness of prison life.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
16 sources, 29 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
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Paper Abstract:
Reasons for & effects of social & political pressures to reduce inmate privileges & increase harshness of prison life.
Paper Introduction:
CURTAILMENT OF PRISONER PRIVILEGES
This research paper examines the recent trend toward the reduction and elimination of privileges of the inmate prison population in the United States. This trend, which is accelerating, stems from a variety of legal, economic and political causes. In the short run, the net effects of these changes has been to reduce operating costs in prisons and to increase prisoner unrest. Over the longer term, some of these changes, especially the reduction of educational and counselling programs, may make more difficult the prevention and control of crimes committed by repeat offenders.
Background
In 1963, Hibbert surveyed the uneven progress made by the
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PRISON PRIVATIZATION.
Term Paper ID:22263
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Essay Subject:
Need for, pros & cons, alternatives, theory & application, public good, economics, impact on prisoners, overcrowding, supervision, parole & probation.... More...
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25 Pages / 5625 Words
31 sources, 59 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Need for, pros & cons, alternatives, theory & application, public good, economics, impact on prisoners, overcrowding, supervision, parole & probation.
Paper Introduction:
PRISON PRIVATIZATION
Introduction
Prison overcrowding and the costs associated with operating prisons have developed as major public issues over the past two decades (Lemov, 1993, pp. 44-48). The increase in violent crime in the United States in the 1970s, together a plea bargaining process that often appeared to favor offenders, led to public outcries to "get tougher on crime." Both President Reagan and President Bush tapped this vein of public discontent by successfully, if inaccurately, labeling their opponents as being soft on crime. Other politicians, particularly at the state level, jumped on the tough on crime bandwagon.
One outcome of all of this activity were new sentencing guidelines that mandated prison time for more types of offenses and which also length
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PRISON PRIVATIZATION.
Term Paper ID:22175
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Essay Subject:
Pros & cons, economic & human aspects, background, reasons for, prisoner rights, corporate issues, public safety.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
33 sources, 33 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Pros & cons, economic & human aspects, background, reasons for, prisoner rights, corporate issues, public safety.
Paper Introduction:
The purpose of this research is to examine the issues surrounding prison privatization in the modern period. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which the practice of running prisons for profit has arisen from the 1980s to the current period and then to discuss such related matters as corporate takeovers of prison systems and key implications of the sharing of public- and private-sector jurisdiction over incarceration of criminals.
The modern American penal system took shape because of reformist efforts of Philadelphia Quakers: "Before there were prisons, serious crimes were almost always redressed by corporal or capital punishment. . . . Jails existed, but primarily for pretrial detention. The closest thing to the modern prison was the workhouse a place of hard labor almost exclusively for minor
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CHARGING PRISON INMATES FOR HEALTH CARE.
Term Paper ID:21694
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Essay Subject:
Precedent for user fees, purposes, theory, impact on prisoners, payment structures, advantages & disaadvantages, elderly inmates.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
9 sources, 29 Citations,
APA Format
$80.00
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Paper Abstract:
Precedent for user fees, purposes, theory, impact on prisoners, payment structures, advantages & disaadvantages, elderly inmates.
Paper Introduction:
CHARGING PRISON INMATES FOR HEALTH SERVICES
This research examines the public policy alternative of charging prison inmates a user fee for health services delivered by the state to a prisoner. Several states in the U.S. operate systems where convicted persons are required to pay a part of the costs associated with the administration of their corrections programs (Allen, Eskridge, Latessa, and Vito, 1990, pp. 74-91). Most of such fees are related to parole and probation; however, such actions provide a precedent for the imposition of user fees for health services. The establishment of user fees is a popular idea among the general public and politicians.
The Arizona legislation permits the state Bureau of Corrections to charge a prisoner $3.00 for each Health Needs Request.
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